Trends in Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34(7), P. 547 - 565
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Astrocytes
are
predominant
glial
cells
that
tile
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
A
cardinal
feature
of
astrocytes
is
their
complex
and
visually
enchanting
morphology,
referred
to
as
bushy,
spongy,
star-like.
precept
this
review
such
morphological
shapes
evolved
allow
contact
signal
with
diverse
at
a
range
distances
in
order
sample,
regulate,
contribute
extracellular
milieu,
thus
participate
widely
cell–cell
signaling
during
physiology
disease.
The
recent
use
improved
imaging
methods
cell-specific
molecular
evaluations
has
revealed
new
information
on
structural
organization
underpinnings
astrocyte
mechanisms
morphogenesis,
contributions
disease
states
reduced
morphology.
These
insights
have
reignited
interest
complexity
cornerstone
fundamental
biology
critical
substrate
for
multicellular
spatial
physiological
interactions
CNS.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
31(12), P. 107776 - 107776
Published: June 1, 2020
Glaucoma
is
a
neurodegenerative
disease
that
features
the
death
of
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
in
retina,
often
as
result
prolonged
increases
intraocular
pressure.
We
show
preventing
formation
neuroinflammatory
reactive
astrocytes
prevents
RGCs
normally
seen
mouse
model
glaucoma.
Furthermore,
we
these
spared
are
electrophysiologically
functional
and
thus
still
have
potential
value
for
function
regeneration
retina.
Finally,
demonstrate
depends
on
combination
both
an
injury
to
neurons
presence
astrocytes,
suggesting
may
explain
why
toxic
only
some
circumstances.
Altogether,
findings
highlight
drivers
RGC
chronic
eye.
Acta Neuropathologica Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 13, 2023
Abstract
In
the
contexts
of
aging,
injury,
or
neuroinflammation,
activated
microglia
signaling
with
TNF-α,
IL-1α,
and
C1q
induces
a
neurotoxic
astrocytic
phenotype,
classified
as
A1,
A1-like,
neuroinflammatory
reactive
astrocytes.
contrast
to
typical
astrocytes,
which
promote
neuronal
survival,
support
synapses,
maintain
blood–brain
barrier
integrity,
these
astrocytes
downregulate
supportive
functions
begin
secrete
factors,
complement
components
like
C3,
chemokines
CXCL10,
may
facilitate
recruitment
immune
cells
across
BBB
into
CNS.
The
proportion
pro-inflammatory
increases
age
through
associated
activation,
are
particularly
abundant
in
neurodegenerative
disorders.
As
identification
astrocyte
phenotypes
progress,
their
molecular
cellular
effects
characterized
growing
array
neuropathologies.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 10, 2022
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
alters
astrocytes,
but
the
effect
of
Aß
and
Tau
pathology
is
poorly
understood.
TRAP-seq
translatome
analysis
astrocytes
in
APP/PS1
ß-amyloidopathy
MAPT
P301S
tauopathy
mice
revealed
that
only
influenced
expression
AD
risk
genes,
both
pathologies
precociously
induced
age-dependent
changes,
had
distinct
overlapping
signatures
found
human
post-mortem
astrocytes.
Both
an
astrocyte
signature
involving
repression
bioenergetic
translation
machinery,
induction
inflammation
pathways
plus
protein
degradation/proteostasis
latter
enriched
targets
inflammatory
mediator
Spi1
stress-activated
cytoprotective
Nrf2.
Astrocyte-specific
Nrf2
a
reactive
phenotype
which
recapitulated
elements
this
proteostasis
signature,
reduced
deposition
phospho-tau
accumulation
their
respective
models,
rescued
brain-wide
transcriptional
deregulation,
cellular
pathology,
neurodegeneration
behavioural/cognitive
deficits.
Thus,
induce
profiles
associated
with
deleterious
adaptive-protective
signals,
can
slow
patho-progression.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Astroglia
are
a
broad
class
of
neural
parenchymal
cells
primarily
dedicated
to
homoeostasis
and
defence
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
contribute
pathophysiology
all
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders
in
ways
that
can
be
either
beneficial
or
detrimental
disorder
outcome.
Pathophysiological
changes
astroglia
primary
secondary
result
gain
loss
functions.
respond
external,
non-cell
autonomous
signals
associated
with
any
form
CNS
pathology
by
undergoing
complex
variable
their
structure,
molecular
expression,
function.
In
addition,
internally
driven,
cell
astroglial
innate
properties
lead
pathologies.
Astroglial
is
complex,
different
pathophysiological
states
phenotypes
context-specific
vary
disorder,
disorder-stage,
comorbidities,
age,
sex.
Here,
we
classify
into
(i)
reactive
astrogliosis,
(ii)
atrophy
function,
(iii)
degeneration
death,
(iv)
astrocytopathies
characterised
aberrant
forms
drive
disease.
We
review
across
spectrum
human
diseases
disorders,
including
neurotrauma,
stroke,
neuroinfection,
autoimmune
attack
epilepsy,
as
well
neurodevelopmental,
neurodegenerative,
metabolic
disorders.
Characterising
cellular
mechanisms
represents
new
frontier
identify
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Nov. 26, 2021
Abstract
The
pathological
role
of
reactive
gliosis
in
CNS
repair
remains
controversial.
In
this
study,
using
murine
ischemic
and
hemorrhagic
stroke
models,
we
demonstrated
that
microglia/macrophages
astrocytes
are
differentially
involved
engulfing
synapses
the
region.
By
specifically
deleting
MEGF10
MERTK
phagocytic
receptors,
determined
inhibiting
phagocytosis
or
improved
neurobehavioral
outcomes
attenuated
brain
damage.
stroke,
but
not
outcomes.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
revealed
related
biological
processes
pathways
were
downregulated
compared
to
brain.
Together,
these
findings
suggest
microgliosis
astrogliosis
play
individual
roles
mediating
synapse
engulfment
pathologically
distinct
models
preventing
process
could
rescue
loss.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 111532 - 111532
Published: Oct. 1, 2022
The
function
and
regulation
of
different
heterogeneous
reactive
states
astrocytes
in
depression
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
neurotoxic
(A1-like)
are
strongly
induced,
prior
to
behavioral
impairments
dendritic
atrophy,
depression-like
mice.
More
interestingly,
global
or
microglia-specific
knockout
Nod-like
receptor
protein
3
(Nlrp3)
markedly
mitigates
A1-like
astrocyte
induction,
whereas
astrocyte-specific
Nlrp3
depletion
is
ineffective.
Microglial
ablation
also
alleviates
the
neuronal
dysfunction
induced
by
both
vitro
vivo.
We
further
show
microglia
NF-κB
pathway
activates
NLRP3
inflammasome
which
turn
caspase-1
induce
secretion
A1
inductors,
leading
production
astrocytes.
Altogether,
this
study
reveals
microglial
induction
via
activating
neuroinflammatory
response
chronic
stress
suggests
a
potential
therapeutic
strategy
for
depression.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 540 - 540
Published: March 4, 2021
Astrocytes
perform
a
wide
variety
of
essential
functions
defining
normal
operation
the
nervous
system
and
are
active
contributors
to
pathogenesis
neurodegenerative
disorders
such
as
Alzheimer’s
among
others.
Recent
data
provide
compelling
evidence
that
distinct
astrocyte
states
associated
with
specific
stages
Alzheimer´s
disease.
The
advent
transcriptomics
technologies
enables
rapid
progress
in
characterisation
pathological
states.
In
this
review,
we
an
overview
origin,
main
functions,
molecular
morphological
features
astrocytes
physiological
well
conditions
related
We
will
also
explore
roles
disease
summarize
transcriptional
changes
altered
pathways
observed
during
course
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(721)
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
abundant
glial
cells
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
play
active
roles
health
and
disease.
Recent
technologies
have
uncovered
functional
heterogeneity
of
astrocytes
their
extensive
interactions
with
other
cell
types
CNS.
In
this
Review,
we
highlight
intricate
between
astrocytes,
CNS-resident
cells,
CNS-infiltrating
as
well
potential
therapeutic
value
context
inflammation
neurodegeneration.
