The rapid rise of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants with immune evasion properties: XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1 subvariants

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: March 15, 2023

As the fifth variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 virus, Omicron (B.1.1.529) has quickly become dominant type among previous circulating variants worldwide. During wave, several subvariants have emerged, with some exhibiting greater infectivity and immune evasion, accounting for their fast spread across many countries. Recently, two subvariants, BQ.1 XBB lineages, including BQ.1.1, XBB.1, XBB.1.5, a global public health issue given ability to escape from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies herd immunity induced by prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, boosters, infection. In this respect, which been established harbor rare mutation F486P, demonstrates superior transmissibility compared other emerged as strain in This review provides comprehensive overview epidemiological features, spike mutations, evasion lineages. We expounded on mechanisms underlying mutations neutralizing vaccinated or convalescent COVID-19 individuals (mAbs) proposed strategies prevention against sublineages.

Language: Английский

---

Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant casualties and put immense strain on public health systems worldwide, leading to economic recession social unrest. In response, various prevention control strategies have been implemented globally, including vaccine drug development the promotion preventive measures. Implementing these effectively curbed transmission virus, reduced infection rates, gradually restored normal activities. However, mutations SARS-CoV-2 led inevitable infections reinfections, number deaths continues rise. Therefore, there is still a need improve existing strategies, mainly focusing developing novel vaccines drugs, expediting medical authorization processes, keeping epidemic surveillance. These measures are crucial combat Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic achieve sustained, long-term prevention, management, control. Here, we summarized characteristics COVID-19 drugs suggested potential future directions for their development. Furthermore, discussed COVID-19-related policies over past years presented some future.

Language: Английский

---

Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 27, 2024

Abstract Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection intranasal vaccination of triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with flagellin (KFD) ( 3R-NC + KFDi.n ). In mice, elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody in both serum sites sustained at high level over year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated presence long-lived IgG- IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside Th17 Tfh17-biased T-cell driven by KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial conducted individuals who had been primed inactivated (IAV) vaccine. With favorable safety profile, boost enduring IgG IgA salivary secretions. To meet challenge frequently emerged variants, further designed updated triple-RBD mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable to neutralize newly emerging including JN.1. Our findings highlight potential KFD-adjuvanted promising prototype development infection.

Language: Английский

---

Recent Advancements in mRNA Vaccines: From Target Selection to Delivery Systems

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 873 - 873

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

mRNA vaccines are leading a medical revolution. technologies utilize the host's own cells as bio-factories to produce proteins that serve antigens. This revolutionary approach circumvents complicated processes involved in traditional vaccine production and empowers with ability respond emerging or mutated infectious diseases rapidly. Additionally, robust cellular immune response elicited by has shown significant promise cancer treatment. However, inherent instability of complexity tumor immunity have limited its broader application. Although emergence pseudouridine ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) made clinical application possible, there remains substantial potential for further improvement immunogenicity delivered antigens preventive therapeutic effects technology. Here, we review latest advancements vaccines, including but not target selection delivery systems. offers multifaceted perspective on this rapidly evolving field.

Language: Английский

---

Designing a T cell multi-epitope vaccine against hRSV with reverse vaccinology: an immunoinformatics approach

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 114599 - 114599

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Unravelling Antigenic Cross-Reactions toward the World of Coronaviruses: Extent of the Stability of Shared Epitopes and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 713 - 713

Published: May 13, 2023

The human immune repertoire retains the molecular memory of a very great diversity target antigens (epitopes) and can recall this upon second encounter with epitopes against which it has previously been primed. Although genetically diverse, proteins coronaviruses exhibit sufficient conservation to lead antigenic cross-reactions. In review, our goal is question whether pre-existing immunity seasonal (HCoVs) or exposure animal CoVs influenced susceptibility populations SARS-CoV-2 and/or had an impact physiopathological outcome COVID-19. With hindsight that we now have regarding COVID-19, conclude although cross-reactions between different exist, cross-reactive antibody levels (titers) do not necessarily reflect on B cell frequencies are always directed confer cross-protection SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, immunological these infections short-term occurs in only small percentage population. Thus, contrast what might be observed terms at level single individual recently exposed circulating coronaviruses, HCoVs other minor circulation populations.

Language: Английский

---

Functional Characteristics of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies against Delta and Omicron Variants after Vaccination with Sputnik V

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1349 - 1349

Published: June 10, 2023

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination leads to the production of neutralizing as well non-neutralizing antibodies. In current study, we investigated temporal dynamics both sides immunity after with two doses Sputnik V against SARS-CoV-2 variants Wuhan-Hu-1 G614-variant (D614G), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron). First, constructed a pseudovirus assay assess neutralization activity vaccine sera. We show that serum compared D614G is decreased by 8.16-, 11.05-, 11.16- fold in 1, 4, 6 months vaccination, respectively. Moreover, previous did not increase recovered patients. Next, used ADMP evaluate Fc-mediated function vaccine-induced Our results antibody-dependent phagocytosis triggered S-proteins D614G, differ significantly vaccinated individuals. efficacy was retained over up demonstrate differences antibody functions V.

Language: Английский

---

Broad-spectrum vaccine via combined immunization routes triggers potent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(10)

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

The development of broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will reduce the global economic and public health stress from COVID-19 pandemic. use conserved T-cell epitopes in combination with spike antigen that induce humoral cellular immune responses simultaneously may be a promising strategy to further enhance broad spectrum vaccine candidates. Moreover, this research suggests combined vaccination strategies have ability both effective systemic mucosal immunity, which represent for maximizing protective efficacy respiratory virus vaccines.

Language: Английский

---

Effectiveness of a broad-spectrum bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in preclinical studies

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Vaccines utilizing modified messenger RNA (mRNA) technology have shown robust protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in humans. As the virus continues to evolve both human and non-human hosts, risk remains that performance of vaccines can be compromised by new variants with strong immune escape abilities. Here we present preclinical characterizations a novel bivalent mRNA vaccine RQ3025 for its safety effectiveness animal models. The sequence is designed incorporate common mutations on spike protein been discovered along evolutionary paths different variants. Broad-spectrum, high-titer neutralizing antibodies multiple were induced mice (BALB/c K18-hACE2), hamsters rats upon injections RQ3025, demonstrating advantages over monovalent vaccines. Effectiveness protection several newly emerged also evident RQ3025-vaccinated rats. Analysis splenocytes derived cytokines BALB/c suggested Th1-biased cellular response was RQ3025. Histological analysis organs following injection high dose showed no evidence pathological changes. This study proves as broad-spectrum models lays foundation potential clinical application future.

Language: Английский

---

Fluorogenic Peptide Sensor Array Derived from Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Classifies Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(30), P. 21017 - 21024

Published: July 19, 2024

The devastating COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made society acutely aware of the urgency in developing effective techniques to timely monitor outbreak previously unknown viral species as well their mutants, which could be even more lethal and/or contagious. Here, we report a fluorogenic sensor array consisting peptides truncated from binding domain human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2) for SARS-CoV-2. A set five fluorescently tagged were used construct senor presence different low-dimensional quenching materials. When orthogonally incubated with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants concern (VOCs), fluorescence each peptide probe was specifically recovered, recovery rates provide "fingerprint" characteristic strain. This, turn, allows them differentiated other using principal component analysis. Interestingly, classification result our agrees evolutionary relationship similarity VOCs. This study offers insight into development sensing tools highly contagious viruses mutants based on rationally truncating ligands receptors.

Language: Английский

---