Phytochemical Constituents and Potential of Different Extracts from Eleutherine bulbosa on Skin Infectious Treatment : Anti-fungal, Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities DOI Open Access
Wannisa Raksamat, Ingorn Kimkong

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 1 - 13

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Eleutherine bulbosa is a plant commonly employed in traditional medicine across various tropical regions, including Thailand. The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical constituents E. bulbosa, evaluate inhibitory effects on skin fungal and bacterial pathogens, examine anti-inflammatory cytotoxic properties extracts obtained from bulbs through n-Hexane, EtOAc, EtOH extraction methods. Agar diffusion, MIC, MBC assays were determine fungistatic, bacteriostatic, bactericidal activities. EtOAc extract demonstrated highest inhibition against strains when compared other solvents. results revealed that exhibited potent anti-fungal effect T. rubrum (the zones = 35.00 ± 0.00 mm) comparable Ketoconazole 34.33 1.16 mm). antibacterial activity S. pyogenes observed, with zone diameter 23.00 1.00 mm, while lowest MIC values recorded at 19.53 78.12 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, we significant extracted n-Hexane NO production LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells solvent extracts. This occurred without affecting cell viability concentration range 6.25 25 μg/ml. Moreover, less affected fibroblasts suggests may be useful preventing inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive low toxicity normal cells. Phytochemical screening indicated presence compounds biological activities alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins all different These findings suggest bulb possess beneficial hold potential for further development as new natural source multifunctional therapeutic agents, which are safe effective broad spectrum infectious microorganisms also potentially reduce inflammation associated an infection caused microorganisms.

Language: Английский

Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae DOI Creative Commons
Xinya Peng,

Junliang Chang,

Hongxia Zhang

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 7, 2025

Introduction Hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP MDR-KP) are significant public health threats. This study aimed to isolate a lytic bacteriophage targeting these high-risk strains, systematically characterize its biological properties, genomic features, therapeutic efficacy, establish foundation for clinical phage therapy novel antimicrobial development. Methods The vB_Kp_XP4 was isolated from river water using the double-layer agar plate method with clinically strain P4 as host. Morphology analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Host range, pH, thermal stability were assessed spot assays OD 630 measurements. One-step growth curves determined latent period burst size. Whole-genome sequencing phylogenetic analysis performed. Therapeutic efficacy safety evaluated in Galleria mellonella infection model. Results TEM revealed Phage tailed an icosahedral head long, flexible tail. It lysed hvKP (carrying rmp , peg iuc iro genes) MDR-KP (resistant carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, etc.), optimal MOI of 0.1 <10 minutes. Stability maintained at pH 4–11 ≤70°C. linear double-stranded DNA genome 44,344 bp G+C content 53.80%. comprised 54 coding sequences lacked lysogenic, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic positioned species within genus Drulisvirus family Autographiviridae . In model, prolonged survival P4-infected larvae ( P < 0.001) Conclusion exhibits high stability, specificity, potent activity, no undesirable genes, demonstrating effective vivo suggest potential applications against infections. presence multiple halos during plaque formation further enhances research value. complete sequence has been submitted GenBank under accession number PP663283.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Surface charge of the C-terminal helix is crucial for antibacterial activity of endolysin against Gram-negative bacteria DOI Creative Commons

Joonbeom Kim,

Su Min Son,

Eunbyeol Ahn

et al.

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32(1)

Published: March 22, 2025

Abstract Backgrounds Endolysins are promising alternatives to antibiotics because they can lyse bacterial cells rapidly with a low risk of resistance development, however, their effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria is hindered by the presence outer membrane present in bacteria. Several endolysins amphipathic helices at C-terminus have been reported intrinsic antibacterial activity but action mechanism not fully elucidated. Methods The sequence alignment analysis was assessed CLC Main workbench 7, and His-tagged were purified affinity chromatography. Site-directed mutagenesis used generate mutations endolysin make various mutants. muralytic analyzed using turbidity reduction assay activities through viable cell counting assay. Results We identified two endolysins, LysTS3 LysTS6, both which similar sequences structures including C-terminus. LysTS6 exhibited significantly higher compared even though enzymes membrane-permeabilized Systematic truncation bioinformatic these revealed major difference charge on surface C-terminal helices, suggesting possibility that this helix determine could enhance replacing Ala 156 Glu 160 lysine alanine, respectively, amino acid residues structurally equivalent positions LysTS6. A boost also seen LysSPN1S LysJEP4 when altered be more positive modification surface-exposed residues. Conclusions enhanced adjusting positive, crucial for its penetration reach peptidoglycan layer

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Phage therapy for Klebsiella pneumoniae: Understanding bacteria–phage interactions for therapeutic innovations DOI Creative Commons
Julie Le Bris, Nathalie Chen,

Adeline Supandy

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. e1012971 - e1012971

Published: April 8, 2025

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a Gram-negative bacterium that commonly resides in the human gastrointestinal tract and can also act as an opportunistic pathogen cause extra-intestinal infections. KP poses global health threat because it causes both hospital- community-acquired infections immune-competent immunocompromised hosts. These be multidrug-resistant and/or hypervirulent, making difficult to treat deadly. In absence of effective treatments for recalcitrant infections, bacteriophage (phage) therapy gaining attention promising alternative. this review, we evaluate epidemiology epitope diversity, discuss interactions between KP-targeting phages their bacterial hosts from eco-evolutionary perspective, summarize recent efforts phage treating We novel approaches, including genetic engineering machine learning, initial steps toward developing precision medicine approach emerging dangerous pathogen.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Phages and phage-borne enzymes as new antibacterial agents DOI
Shawna McCallin, Zuzanna Drulis‐Kawa, Tristan Ferry

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Phage Endolysins as Promising and Effective Candidates for Use Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli DOI Creative Commons
Wojciech Wesołowski, Aleksandra Łukasiak, Sylwia Bloch

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 560 - 560

Published: April 13, 2025

The presented in silico and phylogenetic analysis of putative endolysins potentially produced by phages infecting uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) demonstrates their remarkable diversity. These proteins exhibit significant variations sequence length, molecular weight, isoelectric point, stability, as well diverse functional domains determining enzymatic activity, including lysin, lysozyme, hydrolase, amidase, peptidase functions. Due to predicted lytic properties, hold great promise combating UPEC bacteria, those within biofilms, which are often highly resistant conventional treatments. Despite potential, several challenges hinder the full utilization endolysins. include relatively small number identified proteins, annotation process, scarcity studies evaluating efficacy vitro vivo against Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we emphasize these while also underlining potential an effective tool infections. Their effectiveness could be significantly enhanced when combined with agents that disrupt outer membrane making them a promising alternative or complement existing antimicrobial strategies. Further research is necessary fully explore therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Structural Analysis of PlyKp104, a Novel Phage Endoysin DOI Creative Commons
Jung Min Choi

Crystals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 448 - 448

Published: May 9, 2025

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a critical global public health challenge, prompting increased interest in non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies such bacteriophage-derived endolysins. Although endolysins possess strong lytic potential, their application to Gram-negative bacteria remains limited due the outer membrane barrier. PlyKp104 is recently identified phage-derived endolysin that exhibits activity against without aid of permeabilizers. In this study, crystal structure was determined at resolution 1.85 Å. consists solely catalytic SLT domain, and structure-based analysis revealed putative active site key structural features associated with substrate binding. Comparative homologous structures suggested belongs transglycosylase family 1. B-factor hydrophobic interaction mapping indicated domain high stability, supported by conserved residues clustered motifs I II. During determination, an unidentified electron density consistently observed near neutral, surface region. Its shape environment suggest presence lipid-like molecule, implying potential lipid-binding site. These findings provide insight into contribute understanding mechanisms bacteria, implications for future protein engineering efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Exploration of reducing and stabilizing phytoconstituents in Arisaema dracontium extract for the effective synthesis of Silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial and toxicological proprties DOI

Mahrukh Khattak,

Taj Ali Khan,

Moona Nazish

et al.

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106711 - 106711

Published: May 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Phage therapy in lung infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa – A literature review DOI Open Access

Vincent A. Eiselt,

Stefan Bereswill, Markus M. Heimesaat

et al.

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 12

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Pulmonary infections of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) or in intensive care units are frequently caused by the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since these bacteria commonly inherently multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hence, antibiotic treatment options limited, bacteriophages may provide alternative therapeutic prophylactic measures combat pneumonia P. aeruginosa . This prompted us to perform a comprehensive literature survey current knowledge regarding effects phages applied against pulmonary infections. The included 23 studies revealed that specific lyse eliminate even case biofilm production vitro, whereas application mice men resulted mitigated induced clinical signs enhanced survival. Besides distinct host immune responses, no major adverse limiting and/or phage were noted. However, system antibiotics generate synergies due mutable sensitivity In conclusion, results summarized this review evidence constitute promising for lung MDR Further needed, however, underscore efficacy safety aspects infected including immune-compromised individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Challenges and opportunities of phage therapy for Klebsiella pneumoniae infections DOI

Xin Kou,

Xiaoyu Yang, Rui Zheng

et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

ABSTRACT Traditional antibiotics have been effective in many cases. However, the rise multidrug-resistant bacteria has diminished their therapeutic efficacy, signaling dawn of an era beyond antibiotics. The challenge multidrug resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae is particularly critical, with increasing global mortality and rates. Therefore, development alternative therapies to urgently needed. Phages, which are natural predators bacteria, inherent advantages. comprehensive information on K. phages lacking current literature. This review aims analyze summarize relevant studies, focusing present state phage therapy for infections. includes examination treatment methodologies, associated challenges, strategies, new technologies, clinical trial safety regulatory issues, future directions development. Enhancing technology crucial addressing evolving threat .

Language: Английский

Citations

1
How to treat severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections DOI
Emilio Bouza, Patricia Muñóz, Almudena Burillo

et al.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 596 - 608

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Purpose of review To update the management severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections (ABI), particularly those caused by multi-resistant isolates. Recent findings The in vitro activity various antimicrobial agents potentially helpful treating ABI is highly variable and has progressively decreased for many them, limiting current therapeutic options. combination more than one drug still advisable most circumstances. Ideally, two active first-line drugs should be used. Alternatively, a second-line and, if this not possible, or combination. emergence new such as Cefiderocol, Sulbactam Durlobactam, Tetracyclines offer options that need to supported clinical evidence. Summary apparent limitations bacterium, rapid development resistance, serious underlying situation cases invite search alternatives antibiotic treatment, promising which seems bacteriophage therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

3