The evolution of knowledge for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Purpose of review Infections caused by nonprimarily pathogenic Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have been increasingly reported from the second half 20th century to present. This phenomenon has expanded during antibiotic era and in presence immunodeficiency. Before discovery sulphonamides penicillin G, infections GNB were rare compared Gram-positive infections. The advent anticancer therapy, expansion surgical procedures, use corticosteroids, implantation prosthetic materials, along with better control infections, promoted current increase similar antimicrobial targets bacteria. However, only antibiotics that can penetrate double membrane remain them for a sufficient duration antibacterial activity against them. Recent findings Sulphonamides early penicillins had limited GNB. Ampicillin subsequent beta-lactams their spectrum treat Aminoglycosides may re-surge less toxic drugs, as highly resistant rise. Polymyxins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones are also used Combinations other agents be needed specific cases, such central nervous system prostate, where difficulty reaching infection site. Alternatives treatments must sought new drug families therapies phage therapy combined antibiotics. Summary Narrower-spectrum immunosuppressive antibiotics, antimicrobials minimally intervene human microbiota, instant diagnostic methods necessary imagine future currently dominant bacteria infectious pathology lose preeminence.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of the hard rennet cheese microbiota at different stages of the technological process

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 899 - 918

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

The purpose of the research was microbiological screening using MALDI-TOF technology starting from bulk raw milk to finished dairy product and analyzing microorganisms that were being detected during technological process production Ukrainskyi hard rennet cheese which clinically significant for human animal health. Methods. Microbial detection performed by accumulation inoculation sector method on differential media aerobic anaerobic with further identification. Sampling carried out at 7 stages production: bactofugation, after bactofugation a mixture normalized in fat content, pasteurized mixture, prepared coagulation, pressing, maturation. Microflora studies repeated three times, 405 samples examined. Microbiological Maldi TOF materials products showed presence all – product. During entire period experiments, 43 species various have been isolated identified. However, number individual types differed different production. Some are also found final product, such as Acinetobacter baumannii Escherichia coli. In total, 18 identified cheese, including baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coli, particular concern context safe consumption this cheese.

Language: Английский

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The Coexistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans Enhanced Biofilm Thickness but Induced Less Severe Neutrophil Responses and Less Inflammation in Pneumonia Mice Than K. pneumoniae Alone

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12157 - 12157

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Due to the possible coexistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and Candida albicans (CA), strains KP CA with biofilm production properties clinically isolated from patients were tested. The biofilms combined organisms (KP+CA) was higher than each organism alone, as indicated by crystal violet z-stack immunofluorescence. In parallel, bacterial abundance in + similar KP, but fungal (culture method), implying that grows better presence KP. Proteomic analysis performed compare alone. With mouse neutrophils (thioglycolate induction), induced less prominent responses biofilms, determined (i) neutrophilic supernatant cytokines (ELISA) (ii) neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), using immunofluorescent images (neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone 3), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) expression, cell-free DNA. Likewise, intratracheal C57BL/6 mice induces severe pneumonia organ injury (serum creatinine alanine transaminase) (colorimetric assays), (ELISA), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid parameters (bacterial culture abundances a hemocytometer), histology score (H&E stains), NETs (immunofluorescence on lung tissue). conclusion, biomass mostly produced potent activation Hence, fungi respiratory tract might benefit host some situations, despite well-known adverse effects fungi.

Language: Английский

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Phytochemical Constituents and Potential of Different Extracts from Eleutherine bulbosa on Skin Infectious Treatment : Anti-fungal, Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities

Chiang Mai Journal of Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 1 - 13

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Eleutherine bulbosa is a plant commonly employed in traditional medicine across various tropical regions, including Thailand. The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical constituents E. bulbosa, evaluate inhibitory effects on skin fungal and bacterial pathogens, examine anti-inflammatory cytotoxic properties extracts obtained from bulbs through n-Hexane, EtOAc, EtOH extraction methods. Agar diffusion, MIC, MBC assays were determine fungistatic, bacteriostatic, bactericidal activities. EtOAc extract demonstrated highest inhibition against strains when compared other solvents. results revealed that exhibited potent anti-fungal effect T. rubrum (the zones = 35.00 ± 0.00 mm) comparable Ketoconazole 34.33 1.16 mm). antibacterial activity S. pyogenes observed, with zone diameter 23.00 1.00 mm, while lowest MIC values recorded at 19.53 78.12 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, we significant extracted n-Hexane NO production LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells solvent extracts. This occurred without affecting cell viability concentration range 6.25 25 μg/ml. Moreover, less affected fibroblasts suggests may be useful preventing inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive low toxicity normal cells. Phytochemical screening indicated presence compounds biological activities alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins all different These findings suggest bulb possess beneficial hold potential for further development as new natural source multifunctional therapeutic agents, which are safe effective broad spectrum infectious microorganisms also potentially reduce inflammation associated an infection caused microorganisms.

Language: Английский

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