Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

SUMMARY Numerous questions persist regarding the role of companion animals as potential reservoirs antimicrobial-resistant organisms that can infect humans. While relative antimicrobial usage in is lower than humans, certain pathogens have comparable colonization rates and their human counterparts, which inevitably raises resistance (AMR) transmission. Furthermore, close contact between pets owners, well pets, veterinary professionals, clinic environment, provides ample opportunity for zoonotic transmission pathogens. Here we summarize what known about AMR select (primarily dogs, cats, horses) We also describe global distribution selected animals. The impact interspecies within households care settings critically reviewed discussed context methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended-spectrum β-lactamase carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Key research areas are emphasized established action plans on AMR, offering valuable insights shaping future surveillance initiatives.

Language: Английский

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The Possibility of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Emergence After Two Days of Antibiotic Therapy: A Case Report

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Although antibiotic use is known to induce antimicrobial resistance, the duration of exposure necessary for resistance development remains uncertain. In this case, a patient was initially treated with tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) bacterial pneumonia. When treatment proved ineffective, regimen switched tazobactam/ceftolozane (TAZ/CTLZ) after confirming that Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at admission susceptible TAZ/CTLZ. patient's symptoms improved, pneumonia exacerbation occurred 10 days initiation Drug susceptibility testing in P. on second day TAZ/CTLZ revealed antibiotics. Genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based open reading frame typing method demonstrated strains before and were genetically identical. This case highlights possibility TAZ/CTLZ-resistant emerging only two exposure.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms to antipseudomonal β-lactams in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from blood

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

ABSTRACT Bloodstream infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with antimicrobial resistance can be difficult to treat. Herein, we investigated susceptibility major antipseudomonal β-lactams and analyzed the relationship between mechanisms susceptibilities in P. isolates from blood. A total of 97 possessing no carbapenemase gene were included this study. The rates piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime 80% range, while 74.2% 80.4% showed imipenem meropenem, respectively. None ceftolozane/tazobactam or cefiderocol, only one isolate each intermediate (susceptibility rate, 99.0% each). rate was lowest for aztreonam (71.1%). most prevalent pattern susceptible all agents (56 isolates), followed not (nine isolates) (seven both cefiderocol (six isolates). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations decreased oprD expression carbapenems; increased ampC non-susceptibility ceftazidime; mexA cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem. These findings highlight AmpC β-lactamase, OprD porin, efflux pumps In contrast traditional β-lactams, stability against confirmed. IMPORTANCE is a pathogen hospital-acquired bloodstream (BSI) whose treatment requires appropriate selection consideration mechanisms. Although are key agents, several molecular mechanisms, including β-lactamases, pumps, known intricately involved β-lactam resistance. This study evaluated profiles genes underlying relevant results demonstrate potent vitro activity two new showing β-lactams. provides insights into , highlighting potential use BSI.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Current Challenges and Emerging Alternative Therapies

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 913 - 913

Published: April 16, 2025

Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen notorious for its resilience in clinical settings due to biofilm formation, efflux pumps, and the rapid acquisition of resistance genes. With traditional antibiotic therapy rendered ineffective against infections, we explore alternative therapies that have shown promise, including antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles quorum sensing inhibitors. While these approaches offer potential, they each face challenges, such as specificity, stability, delivery, which require careful consideration further study. We also delve into emerging strategies, bacteriophage CRISPR-Cas gene editing could enhance targeted treatment personalized medicine. As most them are currently experimental stages, highlight need trials additional research confirm their feasibility. Hence, insights new therapeutic avenues help address pressing issue antibiotic-resistant aeruginosa, with an eye toward practical applications future healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Brazil: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 983 - 983

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Background: Globally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a high-priority opportunistic pathogen which displays several intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, leading to challenging treatments mortality of patients. Moreover, its wide virulence arsenal, particularly the type III secretion system (T3SS) exoU+ virulotype, plays crucial role in pathogenicity poor outcome infections. In depth insights into molecular epidemiology P. aeruginosa, especially prevalence high-risk clones (HRCs), are for comprehension AMR features their dissemination among distinct strains. This study aims evaluate distribution HRCs non-HRCs Brazilian isolates aeruginosa. Methods: A systematic review meta-analysis were conducted on studies published between 2011 2023, focusing determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) Brazil. Data extracted from retrospective cross-sectional case-control studies, encompassing clinical non-clinical samples. The analysis included calculating rates various types (STs) assessing regional variability non-HRCs. Results: total 872 samples analyzed within all 298 (34.17%) MLST typed, identifying 78 unique STs. accounted 48.90% MLST-typed isolates, with ST277 being most prevalent (100/298—33.55%), followed ST244 (29/298—9.73%), ST235 (13/298—4.36%), ST111 (2/298—0.67%), ST357 (2/298—0.67%). Significant was observed, Southeast region showing high ST277, while North shows HRCs. Conclusions: Finally, this highlight critical issue Brazil need integration comprehensive data individual studies.

Language: Английский

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High-Risk Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clones Harboring β-Lactamases: 2024 Update.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. e41540 - e41540

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is defined by the World Health Organization as a "high priority" in developing new antimicrobials. Indeed, emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria increase morbidity mortality risk infected patients. Genomic variants P. that display phenotypes MDR/XDR have been high-risk global clones. In this mini-review, we describe some international clones carry β-lactamase genes can produce chronic colonization patients' rates.

Language: Английский

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What we can and cannot see from the surveillance for drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Findings from the evaluation of surveillance system for multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections in Japan

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance ofPseudomonas aeruginosais a global health concern, and some countries regions have been monitoring drug inP. aeruginosawith various surveillance systems.Japan has national sentinel for multidrug-resistantP. aeruginosa(MDRP) infections, the sites of which are designated by prefectures, we seeing decreasing trend in number MDRP reports recent years. We evaluated system to verify whether this is true discussed future directions surveillance.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional study evaluate infections its usefulness 2023. used quantitative method analyze characteristics on from (DSSs) between 2013–2022. Additionally, sent questionnaire identifiable DSSs (target DSSs) requesting data accurate numbers 2018–2022. face-to-face interviews with stakeholders as qualitative method.ResultsIn total, 1,666 cases were reported 463 target 2013-2022. obtained valid responses survey 229 (49.5%). From 2018 2022, these 275 182 infection, both over time. False reporting or underreporting was common, resulting positive predictive value 0.44 sensitivity 0.65 surveillance. The highlighted difficulties timely detection, reporting, international comparison data.ConclusionOur evaluation indicated that current fairly captured Japan. As epidemiology drug-resistantP. changing, direction policy may differ according public needs. also needs be modified based policy, candidates notifiable disease respond outbreaks, carbapenem-resistantP. aeruginosainfections facilitate antimicrobial stewardship comparison.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from subjects with diffuse panbronchiolitis

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11)

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a rare, idiopathic inflammatory disease primarily diagnosed in East Asian populations. DPB characterized by diffuse pulmonary lesions, inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles, and bacterial infections airway. Historically, sputum cultures reveal

Language: Английский

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Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance and Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Nosocomial Patients in Aguascalientes, Mexico

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 992 - 992

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, which are related to substantial morbidity and mortality. The incidence Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) determinants has been previously reported in this bacterium. However, there limited information regarding the presence PMQR carbapenemase-encoding genes simultaneously. This study aims analyze prevalence these on P. strain isolated from clinical patients State Aguascalientes, Mexico. Fifty-two isolates nosocomial were collected Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo. retrospective observational conducted at single center. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using Vitek-2 system. Only carbapenem-resistant included study. Carbapenemase-encoding screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). rates 100% found tigecycline ceftriaxone. Of 52 isolates, 34.6% positive for qnr genes, 46.2% oqxA gene, 25% aac-(6′)-lb gene. most frequent carbapenemase samples blaOXA-51 (42.3%), blaOXA-1 (15.4%), blaVIM (15.4%). co-carrying detected 21.1% aac-(6’)-lb 11.5%, 3.8%, blaKPC 5.8%. Systematic surveillance detect determinants, rational prescription last-line drugs could help preventing dissemination multidrug-resistant determinants.

Language: Английский

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Stratified annual antibiogram and antimicrobial resistance trend report from a teaching hospital in Hyderabad, India

Journal of Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 380 - 384

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction: Antibiograms are a vital tool in healthcare facilities, particularly guiding empiric antimicrobial treatment. created by aggregating hospital-wide susceptibility data can be misleading and may not appropriate for different settings the hospital such as intensive care units, in-patient, out-patient departments. In this study, we have stratified antibiogram based on setting. Materials Methods: The percentage of most common isolates, location, to individual antibiotics was calculated CLSI 2022 recommended breakpoints. breakpoints interpreted either susceptible (S) or non-susceptible (NS). Only isolates that were >30 number included analysis. Results: A total 947 first (excluding duplicate isolates) organisms isolated from clinical specimens, including urine, blood, pus, sputum, body fluids, etc., analysed described charts. Escherichia coli ( n = 365), Klebsiella pneumoniae 290), Staphylococcus aureus 135), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 80), Acinetobacter baumannii 77) order. Discussion: higher prevalence overall resistance critical setting ICU compared inpatient (IP) outpatient (OP) is concerning. This could due antibiotic usage selection pressure ICUs, leading greater emergence resistant strains. There no denying AMR only rise our goes testify trend. Conclusion: Ongoing education prescribers use antibiograms essential ensure optimal therapy outcomes. Multidisciplinary stewardship programs accomplishing these goals.

Language: Английский

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