Long COVID science, research and policy

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 2148 - 2164

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Long COVID represents the constellation of post-acute and long-term health effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection; it is a complex, multisystem disorder that can affect nearly every organ system be severely disabling. The cumulative global incidence long around 400 million individuals, which estimated to have an annual economic impact approximately $1 trillion-equivalent about 1% economy. Several mechanistic pathways are implicated in COVID, including viral persistence, immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, complement endothelial inflammation microbiome dysbiosis. devastating impacts on individual lives and, due its complexity prevalence, also has major ramifications for systems economies, even threatening progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing challenge requires ambitious coordinated-but so far absent-global research policy response strategy. In this interdisciplinary review, we provide synthesis state scientific evidence assess human health, systems, economy metrics, forward-looking roadmap.

Language: Английский

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Adherence to mask-wearing and its impact on the incidence and deaths of viral respiratory infectious diseases: a systematic review, meta-analysis and modelling study

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e017087 - e017087

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background This study systematically analysed global and regional adherence to mask-wearing its impact on the incidence deaths of viral respiratory infectious diseases (VRIDs). Methods Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, Web Science, Embase Scopus. We included observational with available raw data (rates acceptability mask-wearing, in public settings correct mask-wearing) during VRID pandemics/epidemics. The COVID-19-related Global Burden Diseases 2021. quality each was assessed using Agency for Healthcare Research Quality Scale. Pooled rates effects calculated random models generalised linear models. Results 448 70 countries/regions. During pandemics/epidemics, pooled 65.27% (95% CI 60.34% 70.05%), 74.67% 69.17% 79.8%) 63.63% 59.28% 67.87%), respectively. In individuals chronic diseases/elderly/pregnant women, (42.54%) (60.56%) both low. Among general population, (68.2%) (57.45%) lowest. COVID-19 pandemic, countries a requirement exhibited higher rate (76.10% vs 58.32%), especially regions more stringent containment health measures (β=0.86, p=0.008). has been found significantly reduce (β=−265.26, p=0.004), (β=−2.04, p<0.001) other pandemic-related (β=−0.83, p<0.001). Conclusion relatively Implementing policies requiring pandemic could enhance rate, potentially leading significant reduction VRID-related deaths. Trial registration number CRD42024496464.

Language: Английский

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Tolerability and effectiveness of face-masks in reducing cough aerosols for children with cystic fibrosis

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Characterisation of plastic-based sanitary personal protective equipment following supercritical CO₂ sterilisation: A reuse strategy

Journal of CO2 Utilization, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 103029 - 103029

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cost-effectiveness of preventive COVID-19 interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of comparative economic evaluation studies based on real-world data

Journal of Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

There is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness and utility of various preventive interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness interventions, including non-medical (NMIs) vaccination programs, using real-world data across different demographic socioeconomic contexts worldwide. We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web Science Core Collection from December 2019 March 2024. identified 75 studies which compared 34 interventions. conducted network meta-analysis assess incremental net benefits (INB) these both societal health care system perspectives. adjusted purchasing power parity (PPP) standardised willingness pay (WTP) enhance comparability economic levels. performed sensitivity subgroup analyses examine robustness results. Movement restrictions expanding testing emerged as most cost-effective strategies perspective, with WTP-standardised INB values USD 21 050 11 144. contrast, combinations NMIs were less cost-effective, particularly in high-income regions. From plus distancing test, trace, isolate strategy highly while masking requirements economically viable. The varied significantly contexts, underlining necessity for region-specific strategies. highlight significant variations Tailoring specific regional infrastructural conditions crucial. Continuous evaluation adaptation are essential effective management ongoing future public threats. PROSPERO: CRD42023385169.

Language: Английский

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The role of masks and respirators in preventing respiratory infections in healthcare and community settings

BMJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e078573 - e078573

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract The covid-19 pandemic saw frequent changes and conflicts in mask policies politicization of masks. On reviewing the evidence, including studies published after pandemic, data suggest respirators are more effective than masks healthcare, but must be continuously worn to protective. Healthcare aged care settings amplify outbreaks, so protection patients staff is paramount. Most guidelines assume risk only present during close contact or aerosol generating procedures, show intermittent use not New research science confirms infection widespread health facilities. In community settings, any protective epidemics, especially if used early, when combined with hand hygiene, wearers compliant. Community N95 surgical masks, which cloth even provide some protection. Mask should adaptable specific context account for rising epidemic activity, whether a pathogen has asymptomatic transmission. main rationale universal masking pandemics transmission, means transmission cannot self-identified. precautionary principle applied serious emerging infections mode fully understood, vaccines drugs available. If available, medical could as last resort. Data exist support extended reuse short supply. summary, extensive evidence generated superiority supports periods high activity. Some gaps remain, economic analyses, special population groups whom challenging, on countering disinformation.

Language: Английский

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Benefits of Masks as a School-Based Prevention Intervention Outweigh the Risks

American Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 115(4), P. 451 - 453

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the fit and wearability of commercially available KN95 respirators for children in Indonesia and Nepal

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 266, P. 114561 - 114561

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke: An Unanticipated Natural Experiment

Stroke, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

BACKGROUND: The VIPS (Vascular Effects of Infection in Pediatric Stroke) II prospective cohort study aimed to better understand published findings that common acute infections, particularly respiratory viruses, can trigger childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). COVID-19 pandemic developed midway through enrollment, creating an opportunity assess its impact. METHODS: Twenty-two sites (North America, Australia) prospectively enrolled 205 children (aged 28 days 18 years) with AIS from December 2016 January 2022, including 100 cases during the epoch, defined here as 2020 2022. To background rates subclinical infection, we stroke-free well children, 39 pandemic. We measured serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid total antibodies (present after not vaccination; half-life 3–6 months). assessed clinical infection via parental interview. RESULTS: monthly rate eligible declined spring fall 2020, recovering early 2021 and peaking spring. prepandemic were similar except had fewer infections prior month (17% versus 30%; P =0.02) more focal cerebral arteriopathy (20% 11%; =0.09). Among cases, 26 (26%) positive antibodies, 4 (10%) pandemic-era ( =0.04). first case occurred July 2020. Ten (38%) a recent by report, 7 those 10 received diagnosis COVID-19. Only 1 multisystem inflammatory syndrome children. Median (interquartile range) IgG levels 50.1 S/CO (specimen calibrator absorbance ratio; 26.9–95.3) 18.8 (12.0–101) =0.33). CONCLUSIONS: may have dual effects on AIS: indirect protective effect related public health measures reducing infectious exposure general, deleterious emerged another virus AIS.

Language: Английский

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The Role and Position of Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPI) in the Management and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review

The Open Public Health Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 6, 2025

Introduction Acute infections sharply rose in the post-COVID-19 era but declined during COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemics of common and rare diseases have been observed both season out season, importance NPI cannot be ignored. Objectives This systematic review aims to assess role NPIs controlling infectious era, focusing on their applicability, limitations, future directions. Methods We conducted a using primary sources, scholarly articles, secondary bibliographic indexes, databases from January 2020 September 2024. The research method was an in-depth targeted articles COVID-19, diseases, post-corona NPI. main search engines used this were PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar. Results Infectious pathogens emerged as result discontinuation NPI, absence specialized international communication, lack financial budgeting, allocation facilities, long-term planning nations for viral epidemics. pandemic underscored critical mitigating disease transmission reducing strain healthcare systems. NPIs, including physical distancing, mask-wearing, hand hygiene, quarantine measures, widely implemented provided valuable lessons managing outbreaks. Conclusion has seen resurgence return circulating viruses. Therefore, development global culture paying attention is more necessary than ever save world next

Language: Английский

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