Detrimental Effects of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Reinfection, and the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons

Emi E. Nakayama,

Tatsuo Shioda

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1109 - 1109

Published: Dec. 15, 2024

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which antibodies enhance subsequent viral infections rather than preventing them. Sub-optimal levels of neutralizing individuals infected with dengue virus are known to be associated severe disease upon reinfection different serotype. For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type-2 infection, three types ADE have been proposed: (1) Fc receptor-dependent infection cells expressing receptors, such as macrophages by anti-spike antibodies, (2) receptor-independent epithelial and (3) cytokine production anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. This review focuses on the induced examining its potential role COVID-19 during contribution post-acute sequelae COVID-19, i.e., prolonged symptoms lasting at least months after acute phase disease. We also discuss protective effects recently identified that neutralize Omicron variants.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Insights, Epidemiological Tracking, and Implications for Vaccine Strategies DOI Open Access
Fatimah S. Alhamlan, Ahmed A. Al‐Qahtani

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1263 - 1263

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly impacted the global response to COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines genetic diversity variants, their roles in epidemiological tracking, and influence on viral fitness. Variants concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron have demonstrated increased transmissibility, altered pathogenicity, potential resistance neutralizing antibodies. Epidemiological tracking these is crucial for understanding spread, informing public health interventions, guiding vaccine development. also explores how specific mutations spike protein other genomic regions contribute fitness, affecting replication efficiency, immune escape, transmission dynamics. By integrating surveillance data with clinical findings, this provides a comprehensive overview ongoing evolution its implications strategies new

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Neutralizing and binding antibody dynamics following primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers DOI Creative Commons
Irmak Güzel, Gamze ÖZTÜRK, Özgür Appak

et al.

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract Background Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are key for COVID-19 protective-immunity. As the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines declines over time and variants virus continue to emerge, need booster doses vaccine remains on agenda. The aim this study was assess NAbs dynamics its correlation with anti-RBD IgG levels during nine-month follow-up period after primary-CoronaVac vaccination vaccinations evaluate strategies. Methods This prospective longitudinal observational followed 226 healthcare workers who received primary (two CoronaVac) (CoronaVac or BNT162b2) immunization. Serum samples were collected at four different points, two booster. Anti-RBD antibody assessed SARS CoV-2 IgG-II-QUANT kit (Abbott, USA) determined ACE2-RBD-Neutralization-Assay (Dia-Pro, Italy) using a surrogate neutralization method. Factors affecting response analyzed. Statistical analysis performed IBM-SPSS-22.0. Results One month second dose CoronaVac, 79.2% participants had NAb, but decreased 49.7% by fourth influenced smoking, BMI chronic diseases. Boosters, regardless type, significantly raised NAb levels. Heterologous yielded higher responses. Both single double-BNT162b2 boosters resulted in similar There strong between following CoronaVac vaccination, leading identification predictive threshold presence NAb. type strength threshold-value. Conclusions rapidly vaccination. Boosters increased while heterologous combination induced greater response. able predict response, however varied since

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Structure and function of an unusual R452-dependent monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Bing Zhou, Qi Gui, Congcong Liu

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is still a major public health concern worldwide. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 have been widely used to develop the updated vaccine. However, whether these mutated residues good immunogenicity remains elusive. In particular, we know little about what kind of antibodies can be induced infection or vaccination and their biological characteristics. Here, identified an R452-dependent monoclonal neutralizing antibody, ConD-852, from primarily Delta variant-infected individual, indicating that R452 residue has immunogenicity. We determined high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure ConD-852 complexed with receptor-binding domain (RBD), revealing how it binds R452-related epitopes detailed interactions. Interestingly, could only bind amino acid “R” at 452 position on RBD, displaying strict restriction recognize SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our findings regarding confirmed carrying L452R mutation enriched knowledge binding model involving antibody virus. IMPORTANCE Although update COVID-19 vaccine candidate, mutations unknown. This study demonstrates induce potent reports cryo-EM around RBD.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Detrimental Effects of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Reinfection, and the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons

Emi E. Nakayama,

Tatsuo Shioda

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1109 - 1109

Published: Dec. 15, 2024

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which antibodies enhance subsequent viral infections rather than preventing them. Sub-optimal levels of neutralizing individuals infected with dengue virus are known to be associated severe disease upon reinfection different serotype. For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type-2 infection, three types ADE have been proposed: (1) Fc receptor-dependent infection cells expressing receptors, such as macrophages by anti-spike antibodies, (2) receptor-independent epithelial and (3) cytokine production anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. This review focuses on the induced examining its potential role COVID-19 during contribution post-acute sequelae COVID-19, i.e., prolonged symptoms lasting at least months after acute phase disease. We also discuss protective effects recently identified that neutralize Omicron variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

2