Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(51)
Published: Dec. 18, 2024
Baculovirus
is
the
most
studied
insect
virus
owing
to
a
broad
ecological
distribution
and
ease
of
engineering
for
biotechnological
applications.
However,
its
structure
evolutionary
place
in
virosphere
remain
enigmatic.
Using
cryo–electron
microscopy,
we
show
that
nucleocapsid
forms
covalently
cross-linked
helical
tube
protecting
highly
compacted
134-kilobase
pair
DNA
genome.
The
ends
are
sealed
by
base
cap
substructures,
which
share
126-subunit
hub
but
differ
components
promote
actin
tail–mediated
propulsion
nuclear
entry
nucleocapsid,
respectively.
Unexpectedly,
sensitive
searches
hidden
links
morphogenetic
machinery
conserved
oral
infectivity
factors
originated
within
lineage
baculo-like
viruses
(class
Naldaviricetes
).
unique
viral
architecture
structural
atlas
hallmark
proteins
firmly
these
into
separate
new
realm,
highest
taxonomy
rank,
provide
framework
expand
their
use
as
sustainable
bioinsecticides
biomedical
tools.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Citation:
Simón
D,
Ramos
N,
Lamolle
G
and
Musto
H
(2024)
Two
decades
ago,
giant
viruses
were
discovered:
the
fall
of
an
old
paradigm.
Front.
Microbiol.
15:1356711.
doi:
10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356711
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 3, 2024
Abstract
Genomic
studies
on
sequence
composition
count
with
many
different
approaches,
such
as
calculating
the
proportion
of
guanine
and
cytosine
within
a
given
(GC%
content),
which
can
be
associated
variety
aspects
organism’s
biology.
In
this
context,
GC%
reveal
clues
virus-host
relationship
evolution.
Here
we
present
comprehensive
analysis,
gene-by-gene,
61
representatives
belonging
to
phylum
Nucleocytoviricota,
viruses
largest
genomes
known
virosphere.
Parameters
were
evaluated
considering
not
only
average
CG%
viral
species
compared
whole
phylum,
but
also
gene
position
phylogenetic
history.
Our
results
revealed
that
although
some
families
similar
among
their
(e.g.,
Marseilleviridae),
others
Poxviridae,
PhycodnaviridaeMimiviridae
have
members
discrepant
GC%,
likely
related
adaptation
specific
biological
cycles
hosts.
Interestingly,
genes
at
terminal
regions
or
genomic
clusters
values
distinct
average,
suggesting
recent
acquisition
evolutive
pressures.
Horizontal
transfer
occurrence
potential
paralogs
most
values,
multiple
evolutionary
histories.
Taken
together,
best
our
knowledge,
is
first
study
presents
global
gene-by-gene
analysis
distribution
profile
content
illustrating
part
diversity
identifying
new
targets
for
future
studies.
IMPORTANCE
Viruses
Nucleocytoviricota
are
greatly
distinguishable
from
other
in
general
because
giant
particles
notably
larger
genomes,
remarkable
characteristics.
One
approaches
used
studying
organisms
unveiling
information
they
carry
plethora
about
aspects.
use
great
range
one
evaluation
percentage
nucleotides
make
DNA
RNA
molecule
an
genome.
Herein,
demonstrate
how
nucleocytoviruses
vary
according
nucleotide
metrics
–
more
specifically,
cytosine,
content.
provide
evidence
groups
possibly
acquired
by
horizontal
duplication
events,
thus
having
histories
same
taxa.
Therefore,
believe
these
analyses
raise
insightful
discussions
evolution
large
viruses.
The
initial
objective
of
this
study
was
to
shed
light
on
the
evolution
small
DNA
tumor
viruses
by
analyzing
de
novo
assemblies
publicly
available
deep
sequencing
datasets.
survey
generated
a
searchable
database
contig
snapshots
representing
more
than
100,000
Sequence
Read
Archive
records.
Using
modern
structure-aware
search
tools,
we
iteratively
broadened
include
an
increasingly
wide
range
other
virus
families.
analysis
revealed
surprisingly
diverse
chimeras
involving
different
groups.
In
some
instances,
genes
resembling
known
DNA-replication
modules
or
virion
protein
operons
were
paired
with
unrecognizable
sequences
that
structural
predictions
suggest
may
represent
previously
unknown
replicases
and
novel
architectures.
Discrete
clades
emerging
group
called
adintoviruses
discovered
in
datasets
humans
primates.
As
proof
concept,
show
is
also
useful
for
discovering
RNA
candidate
archaeal
phages.
ancillary
searches
additional
examples
chimerization
between
observations
support
gene-centric
taxonomic
framework
should
be
future
virus-hunting
efforts.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(51)
Published: Dec. 18, 2024
Baculovirus
is
the
most
studied
insect
virus
owing
to
a
broad
ecological
distribution
and
ease
of
engineering
for
biotechnological
applications.
However,
its
structure
evolutionary
place
in
virosphere
remain
enigmatic.
Using
cryo–electron
microscopy,
we
show
that
nucleocapsid
forms
covalently
cross-linked
helical
tube
protecting
highly
compacted
134-kilobase
pair
DNA
genome.
The
ends
are
sealed
by
base
cap
substructures,
which
share
126-subunit
hub
but
differ
components
promote
actin
tail–mediated
propulsion
nuclear
entry
nucleocapsid,
respectively.
Unexpectedly,
sensitive
searches
hidden
links
morphogenetic
machinery
conserved
oral
infectivity
factors
originated
within
lineage
baculo-like
viruses
(class
Naldaviricetes
).
unique
viral
architecture
structural
atlas
hallmark
proteins
firmly
these
into
separate
new
realm,
highest
taxonomy
rank,
provide
framework
expand
their
use
as
sustainable
bioinsecticides
biomedical
tools.
