Symbiosis: the other cells in development

Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149(13)

Published: July 1, 2022

ABSTRACT Animal development is an inherently complex process that regulated by highly conserved genomic networks, and the resulting phenotype may remain plastic in response to environmental signals. Despite having been studied a more natural setting for past few decades, this framework often precludes role of microbial prokaryotes these processes. Here, we address how symbioses impact animal from onset gametogenesis through adulthood. We then provide first assessment which developmental processes or not be influenced and, doing so, holistic view budding discipline symbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Why do hosts malfunction without microbes? Missing benefits versus evolutionary addiction

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 132 - 141

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Microbes are widely recognized to be vital host health. This new consensus rests, in part, on experiments showing how hosts malfunction when microbes removed. More and more microbial dependencies being discovered, even fundamental processes such as development, immunity, physiology, behavior. But why do they exist? The default explanation is that beneficial; lose microbes, also benefits. Here I call attention evolutionary addiction, whereby a trait evolves need for without having been improved by them. Evolutionary addiction should considered interpreting microbe-removal experiments, it distinct potentially common process. Further, may have unique implications the evolution stability of host–microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

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Effects of the amino acid mixture, ‘NutriMix’, on growth performance, non-specific immunity and intestinal health in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

Comparative Immunology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 200217 - 200217

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Maternal provisioning of an obligate symbiont in a sponge

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5)

Published: May 1, 2023

The transmission of microbes from mother to offspring is an ancient, advantageous, and widespread feature metazoan life history. Despite this, little known about the quantitative strategies taken maintain symbioses across generations. quantity maternal that provided each through vertical could theoretically be stochastic (no trend), consistent (an optimal range allocated), or provisioned (a trade-off with fecundity). Examples currently come animals release free-living eggs (oviparous) suggest are a symbionts. vertically transmitted in other major reproductive has yet assessed. We used brooding (viviparous) sponge

Language: Английский

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The soil microbiome increases plant survival and modifies interactions with root endosymbionts in the field

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Evidence is accumulating that the soil microbiome—the community of microorganisms living in soils—has a major effect on plant traits and fitness. However, most work to date has taken place under controlled laboratory conditions not experimentally disentangled microbiome performance from effects key endosymbiotic constituents. As result, it difficult extrapolate existing data understand role natural populations. To address this gap, we performed field experiment using black medick Medicago lupulina test how influences colonization by two root endosymbionts (the mutualistic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria Ensifer spp. parasitic root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla ) conditions. We inoculated all plants with factorially manipulated infection. found grown microbe‐depleted exhibit greater mortality, but among survivors, there was no (shoot biomass, or shoot‐to‐root ratio). The also impacted infection affected genotype‐dependent manner, increasing some genotypes decreasing others. Our results demonstrate complex plant–endosymbiont interactions may be critical for survival

Language: Английский

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Phyllosphere microbial associations improve plant reproductive success

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

The above-ground (phyllosphere) plant microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important component of health. We hypothesized that phyllosphere bacterial recruitment may be disrupted in a greenhouse setting, and adding amendment would therefore benefit the health growth host plants. Using newly developed synthetic for tomato (

Language: Английский

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Drosophila melanogaster microbiome is shaped by strict filtering and neutrality along a latitudinal cline

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(22), P. 5861 - 5871

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Microbiomes affect many aspects of host biology, but the eco-evolutionary forces that shape their diversity in natural populations remain poorly understood. Geographical gradients, such as latitudinal clines, generate predictable patterns biodiversity at macroecological scales, whether these macroscale processes apply to host-microbiome interactions is an open question. To address this question, we sampled microbiomes 13 Drosophila melanogaster along a cline eastern United States. The were surprisingly consistent across cline, latitude did not predict either alpha or beta diversity. Only narrow taxonomic range bacteria present all microbiomes, indicating strict filtering by and neutral ecological dynamics are primary factors shaping fly microbiome. Our findings reveal complexity microbial variation D. highlight need for additional sampling environmental gradients.

Language: Английский

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The tiny drivers behind plant ecology and evolution

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(5)

Published: April 26, 2024

Plants are the homes and hosts of a vast diversity microbiota. These microbes help plants access nutrients, mimic plant hormones to alter traits, synthesize new compounds that defend against enemies, so much more. Their pervasiveness power means they also likely many phenomena long studied by ecologists evolutionary biologists from coexistence speciation. Ignoring we may be under- or overestimating magnitude misidentifying proximal causes several common outcomes in ecology evolution. Yet, accounting for these cryptic copilots is not easy because only presence microbes, but their community composition histories determine effects. Here describe outsized roles microbial communities play three fundamental areas evolution: maternal effects, phenotypic plasticity, natural selection. topic exhaustive, microorganisms influence more study biology (e.g., [Bever et al., 1997], expression genetic variation [O'Brien 2019], perhaps even reproductive isolation speciation as observed insect systems [Tiffin 2001]). However, our goal demonstrate some potential consequences ignoring microscopic millions convince considering effects experiments improve understanding how things actually work world dominated genes associating with them. Maternal have been recognized over century (Roach Wulff, 1987), relying on maternally inherited symbionts defense, abiotic stress tolerance, very basics function capture ancestors chloroplasts) since earliest origins (Sagan, 1967). now beginning investigate diverse soil foliar promoting adaptive environmental result when environment influences offspring phenotype. Moms often do this altering resource provisioning seed mass) chemical epigenetic profile seeds transmission mRNA proteins DNA methylation). Because affect growth can signaling pathways, availability and/or signals (Figure 1a). In way, like any other factor. cause through additional mechanisms: Microbes transmitted mom coat, beyond well-studied examples vertically endophytes, found packaged inside (Gundel 2017; Figure 1b). hitchhikers within first interact before after germination. As such, early phenotypes set up success particular conditions. For example, Erwinia bacteria interactions nitrogen-fixing rhizobia (Handelsman Brill, 1985). What determines which enter still fully understood, one intriguing showed moisture nutrient altered into soybean (Bintarti 2022). If seed-transmitted commonly determined beneficial, then just important resources, proteins, mRNAs already known prepare future fates. Seed paternally derived (via during pollinations) (Abdelfattah 2022; 1c), potentially producing harder explain paternal could extend past pre-zygotic life stages phenotypes. Going forward, determining role most strong persistent throughout lifespan. microbe-mediated particularly long-lasting if priority yield differences rhizosphere key belowground mutualists. Phenotypic plasticity ability produce alternate response differing environments (DeWitt Scheiner, 2004) 1d), mediating plastic responses changing 1e, f). phenological (O'Brien 2021), helping contend drought climate warming. While phenology seem strange, theory suggests evolution favored provide reliable easily detected cues than itself (Metcalf 2019). Given both aspects elicit plants, it challenging differentiate between an factor present 1d vs. result, few studies partitioned direct indirect stressor microbes. recent studies, while herbivory, salt, herbicide were weak maladaptive, those same stressors typically (Bolin, 2023). words, prevent responding incorrectly signal. Differentiating reasons. First, operators relaying message imminent, strength quality signal vary across space time compositions shift. Furthermore, canaries become decoupled, might expected under change, fidelity weakened need them most. Second, traits detecting cue differ cue. involve fundamentally different provided compared directly sensing environment. The however, matters identifying correct messenger. including (or ignoring) will conclusions ecology. metrics measured trait-based weighted functional diversity) via traits. scale ecosystem processes, niche differentiation coexistence. ultimately depend whether consistent divergent species comprising community. Only multispecies case, remain rare plant–microbe realm. all reasons, inoculation coevolved warranted greenhouse chamber measuring plant–plant interactions, properties. Natural selection drives adaptations kingdom, yet quest identify has (MacColl, 2011). shown force driving populations. selection, part Accordingly, selective agents g h). did inoculating replicate populations had developed stressors, responded rivaled (Bolin Lau, 2024). nearly cases, stress-adapted exerted opposite direction itself, reducing predicted buffering extreme swings temporarily varying environments. organs similarly Rebolleda-Gómez co-authors (2019) hypothesized volatiles mask floral cues, thereby pollinator behavior, change intensity acting Studies showing patterns accumulating Lau Lennon, 2011; Wagner 2014; Chaney Baucom, 2020; Petipas 2020), drivers know relative biotic stressors. And too conducted discern resulting opposes instead complement reinforce agents. partitioning employed described above 2024) recommended reviews 2021) needed answer question. Plants, humans, live world. can't ignored key, unseen, should include natural, experiments, lest misled exclusion occur uninoculated experimental plantings outside extant We must aware trajectories variable anticipated underlying present, among sites. Ultimately, stressful go alone. biologists, design decisions got lot tougher complex realistically incorporate unseen players J.A.L. L.G.B. jointly brainstormed ideas presented essay, wrote initial essay draft, edited essay. authors thank Emma Boehm, Bryan Guevara, Thomas Zambiasi, Jordan Ziss, two anonymous reviewers feedback earlier versions manuscript Ziss crafting 1. inspired completed National Science Foundation award BCS 2009125 Long-term Ecological Research Program at Kellogg Biological Station supported NSF DEB 2224712 Michigan State University AgBioResearch.

Language: Английский

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Intermittent water stress favors microbial traits that better help wheat under drought

ISME Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Microorganisms can improve plant resistance to drought through various mechanisms, such as the production of hormones, osmolytes, antioxidants, and exopolysaccharides. It is, however, unclear how previous exposure water stress affects functional capacity soil microbial community help plants resist drought. We compared two soils that had either a continuous or intermittent history (WSH) for almost 40 years. grew wheat in these subjected it stress, after which we collected rhizosphere shotgun sequenced its metagenome. Wheat growing with an WSH maintained higher biomass when stress. Genes related indole-acetic acid osmolyte were more abundant metagenome WSH. suggest selects traits beneficial life under

Language: Английский

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Intestinal microbial circadian rhythms drive sex differences in host immunity and metabolism

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 107999 - 107999

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Circadian rhythms dynamically regulate sex differences in metabolism and immunity, circadian disruption increases the risk of metabolic disorders. We investigated role sex-specific intestinal microbial host using germ-free conventionalized mice manipulation dietary-derived fat, fiber, microbiota-accessible carbohydrates. Our findings demonstrate that genes involved immunity depend on oscillations microbiota, functions, metabolites. Further, we show consuming an obesogenic, high-fat, low-fiber diet produced changes metabolites, gene expression, which were linked to severity dysfunction. results reveal contribute dietary factors can entrain new modify magnitude host-microbe dynamics.

Language: Английский

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