Will the Real Immunogens Please Stand Up: Exploiting the Immunogenic Potential of Cryptococcal Cell Antigens in Fungal Vaccine Development DOI Creative Commons
Samantha L. Avina,

Siddhi Pawar,

Amariliz Rivera

et al.

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 840 - 840

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that a continuous global health concern, especially for immunocompromised populations. The World Health Organization recognized C. as one of four critical pathogens, thus emphasizing the need increased research efforts and clinical resource expansion. Currently, there are no vaccines available use. Exciting new findings in cryptococcal vaccine development have identified whole cell-based subunit-based vaccinations to help mitigate risks make commercialization attainable. Importantly, recent work has focused on how different cell-wall antigens modified these candidates allow us manipulate their immunogenicity produce desired long-term protective anti-fungal immune response. In this review, we discuss cell immunogens, namely polysaccharide capsule, glucans, chitin/chitosan, mannoproteins, extracellular vesicles, role novel vaccination approaches. Additionally, examine immunological mechanisms responsible protection similar host response-stimulation pathways induced through immunogen exposure.

Language: Английский

Developing mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine effective for cryptococcosis in a murine model DOI Creative Commons

Yeqi Li,

Suresh Ambati,

Richard B. Meagher

et al.

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans is considered a critical fungal pathogen by the World Health Organization and developing vaccine for cryptococcosis top priority. Here, we employed mRNAs encoding an antigen(s) packaged in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to develop vaccines cryptococcosis. Remarkably, when coupled with capsule adjuvant, vaccination CDA1 -LNPs protected vast majority of mice from otherwise lethal These results support promise mRNA-LNP against diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Role of glucuronoxylomannan and steryl glucosides in protecting against cryptococcosis DOI Creative Commons
Gabriel Soares Matos, Samyr Machado Querobino,

Verônica S. Brauer

et al.

mBio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

ABSTRACT The development of vaccines for fungal diseases, including cryptococcosis, is an emergent line research and development. In previous studies, we showed that a Cryptococcus mutant lacking the SGL1 gene ( ∆sgl1 ) accumulates certain glycolipids called steryl glucosides (SGs) on capsule, promoting effective immunostimulation totally protects host from secondary cryptococcal infection. However, this protection lost when capsule absent in background. mainly composed glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), polysaccharide microfiber consisting glucuronic acid, xylose, mannose linked by glycosidic bonds forming specific triads. study, engineered cells to lack each GXM components tested effect these deletions under condition SG accumulation. We found acid xylose are required protection, their absence abrogates production IFNγ IL-17A γδ T cells, which necessary stimulants protective phenotype . analyzed structure microfibers although deletion only slightly affects size distribution microfibers, it significantly changes ratio other components. conclusion, study identifies structural modifications consequent accumulation SGs impart C. neoformans This provides significant insights into mechanisms mediated with important implications future efficacious vaccine. IMPORTANCE encapsulated fungus causes invasive infections high morbidity mortality susceptible patients. With increasing drug resistance toxicity current antifungal drugs, there need alternative therapeutic strategies, such as identify capsular organization vaccine protect against challenge virulent strain. These mannose, they work together stimulate immunity. Interestingly, may favor formation small organized Thus, results paper because mechanism affect using SGs.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide conjugate vaccine made with filtered polysaccharide elicits protective immunity in mice. DOI
Piotr R. Stempinski,

Paola Ramos Irizarry,

Scott A. McConnell

et al.

Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101544 - 101544

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Molecular Characterisation of Virulence Factors in Cryptococcus spp. Isolated from Humans, Pigeons, and Eucalyptus Sources DOI

Ibrahim Mustafa Kamal,

Hassan Mohammed,

Sara Saad Hussam Aldeen

et al.

European journal of ecology, biology and agriculture., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 153 - 163

Published: March 1, 2025

This study aimed to isolate and identify Cryptococcus species from three distinct sources: sputum samples of pigeon fanciers, dried droppings, eucalyptus tree leaves. A total 150 specimens were collected over a two-month period, comprising 50 each human sputum, droppings across various areas Baghdad, leaves obtained the Baghdad College Veterinary Medicine. All cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol incubated at 25°C for 2–3 days. From initial cultures, 20 isolates presumptively identified as spp. obtained: 6 (12%) 9 (18%) 5 (10%) leaves, giving an overall recovery rate 13.3%. Molecular identification using PCR was employed detect two key virulence genes: CAP64 (associated capsule formation) LAC1 (involved in melanin production). These genes detected 13 out 14 confirmed (92.85%). Specifically, 75% C. neoformans carried these genes, while albidus lacked them. tested positive both (100%).

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Could the Adoptive Transfer of Memory Lymphocytes be an Alternative Treatment for Acinetobacter baumannii Infections? DOI Open Access
Tania Cebrero-Cangueiro, Soraya Herrera-Espejo, María Paniagua‐García

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10550 - 10550

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

We evaluated the efficacy of adoptive transfer memory B, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with sulbactam tigecycline in an experimental murine pneumonia model by two multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, colistin-susceptible AbCS01 colistin-resistant AbCR17. Pharmacodynamically optimized antimicrobial dosages were administered for 72 h, intravenous administration 2 × 106 each cells a single dose 30 min post-infection. Bacterial lung blood counts mortality rates analyzed. Results showed that B or CD4+ was as effective terms bacterial clearance from lungs untreated mice tigecycline-treated inoculated strain. In AbCR17, also reduced load both antibiotic groups more efficacious than clearance. Regarding survival, three days treatment strains. These data suggest cell could be new A. infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
State of the Field: Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses in C. neoformans and C. deneoformans Infection DOI Creative Commons
Elizabeth C Okafor, Kirsten Nielsen

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 712 - 712

Published: Oct. 12, 2024

is an environmental pathogen that causes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised persons. The majority of immunological studies have centered on CD4

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Will the Real Immunogens Please Stand Up: Exploiting the Immunogenic Potential of Cryptococcal Cell Antigens in Fungal Vaccine Development DOI Creative Commons
Samantha L. Avina,

Siddhi Pawar,

Amariliz Rivera

et al.

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 840 - 840

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that a continuous global health concern, especially for immunocompromised populations. The World Health Organization recognized C. as one of four critical pathogens, thus emphasizing the need increased research efforts and clinical resource expansion. Currently, there are no vaccines available use. Exciting new findings in cryptococcal vaccine development have identified whole cell-based subunit-based vaccinations to help mitigate risks make commercialization attainable. Importantly, recent work has focused on how different cell-wall antigens modified these candidates allow us manipulate their immunogenicity produce desired long-term protective anti-fungal immune response. In this review, we discuss cell immunogens, namely polysaccharide capsule, glucans, chitin/chitosan, mannoproteins, extracellular vesicles, role novel vaccination approaches. Additionally, examine immunological mechanisms responsible protection similar host response-stimulation pathways induced through immunogen exposure.

Language: Английский

Citations

0