COVID-19 and human milk: SARS-CoV-2, antibodies, and neutralizing capacity DOI Creative Commons
Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Kirsi M. Järvinen

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

Abstract Background It is not known whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted from mother to infant during breastfeeding, and if so the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh this risk. This study was designed evaluate 1) RNA detected in milk on breast infected women, 2) concentrations milk-borne anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 3) capacity neutralize infectivity. Methods We collected 37 samples 70 swabs (before after washing) 18 women recently diagnosed with COVID-19. Samples were analyzed for using RT-qPCR. Milk also IgA IgG specific nucleocapsid protein, receptor binding domain (RBD), S2 subunit spike protein SARS-CoV-2, as well 2 seasonal coronaviruses ELISA; its ability SARS-CoV-2. Results did detect any sample. In contrast, several swabs, although only one considered conclusive. All contained SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, levels anti-RBD correlated neutralization. Strong correlations between noted. Conclusions Our data do support maternal-to-child transmission via milk; however, risk skin should further evaluated. Importantly, produced by mothers a source neutralizes activity. These results recommendations continue mild-to-moderate maternal COVID-19 illness.

Language: Английский

Stabilized coronavirus spike stem elicits a broadly protective antibody DOI Creative Commons
Ching‐Lin Hsieh, Anne P. Werner, Sarah R. Leist

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 109929 - 109929

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

Highlights•Structure-guided design generates MERS-CoV spike stabilized stem (SS) antigens•Cross-reactive CoV-spike-stem-specific monoclonal antibodies•Structures of the Fab22-spike complexes reveal a conserved, protective epitope•Passive transfer IgG22 protects mice against and SARS-CoV-2 challengeSummaryCurrent coronavirus (CoV) vaccines primarily target immunodominant epitopes in S1 subunit, which are poorly conserved susceptible to escape mutations, thus threatening vaccine efficacy. Here, we use structure-guided protein engineering remove subunit from Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV (S) glycoprotein develop antigens. Vaccination with MERS SS elicits cross-reactive β-CoV antibody responses lethal challenge. High-throughput screening antibody-secreting cells SS-immunized led discovery panel antibodies. Among them, binds high affinity both severe acute (SARS)-CoV-2 S proteins, combination electron microscopy crystal structures localizes epitope coiled-coil region S2 subunit. Passive Collectively, these results provide proof principle for CoV antibodies inform development pan-CoV therapeutic antibodies.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

86
Pre-existing humoral immunity to human common cold coronaviruses negatively impacts the protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody response DOI Creative Commons
Chun-Yang Lin, Joshua Wolf, David C. Brice

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 83 - 96.e4

Published: Dec. 7, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to respiratory distress and death. A major unresolved question is whether prior immunity endemic, human common cold coronaviruses (hCCCoVs) impacts susceptibility or following vaccination. Therefore, we analyzed samples the same individuals before after We found hCCCoV antibody levels increase exposure, demonstrating cross-reactivity. However, a case-control study indicates that baseline are not associated with protection against infection. Rather, higher magnitudes of pre-existing betacoronavirus antibodies correlate more infection, an indicator greater disease severity. Additionally, immunization spike proteins impedes generation SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing in mice. Together, these data suggest hinder antibody-based provide insight on how coronavirus which critical considering emerging variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

86
Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of humoral immunity against COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Paulina Kapłonek, Chuangqi Wang, Yannic C. Bartsch

et al.

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(64)

Published: Sept. 9, 2021

Preexisting cross-coronavirus immunity influences the early development of SARS-CoV-2 humoral after COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

83
Why Does the Severity of COVID-19 Differ With Age? DOI
Petra Zimmermann, Nigel Curtis

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. e36 - e45

Published: Dec. 28, 2021

Although there are many hypotheses for the age-related difference in severity of COVID-19, differences innate, adaptive and heterologous immunity, together with endothelial clotting function, most likely mechanisms underlying marked age gradient. Children have a faster stronger innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, especially nasal mucosa, which rapidly controls virus. In contrast, adults can an overactive, dysregulated less effective that leads uncontrolled pro-inflammatory cytokine production tissue injury. More recent exposure other viruses routine vaccines children might be associated protective cross-reactive antibodies T cells against SARS-CoV-2. There is evidence support been proposed explain outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including pre-existing immunity from common circulating coronaviruses, distribution expression entry receptors ACE2 TMPRSS2, viral load.

Language: Английский

Citations

78
COVID-19 and human milk: SARS-CoV-2, antibodies, and neutralizing capacity DOI Creative Commons
Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Kirsi M. Järvinen

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

Abstract Background It is not known whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted from mother to infant during breastfeeding, and if so the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh this risk. This study was designed evaluate 1) RNA detected in milk on breast infected women, 2) concentrations milk-borne anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 3) capacity neutralize infectivity. Methods We collected 37 samples 70 swabs (before after washing) 18 women recently diagnosed with COVID-19. Samples were analyzed for using RT-qPCR. Milk also IgA IgG specific nucleocapsid protein, receptor binding domain (RBD), S2 subunit spike protein SARS-CoV-2, as well 2 seasonal coronaviruses ELISA; its ability SARS-CoV-2. Results did detect any sample. In contrast, several swabs, although only one considered conclusive. All contained SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, levels anti-RBD correlated neutralization. Strong correlations between noted. Conclusions Our data do support maternal-to-child transmission via milk; however, risk skin should further evaluated. Importantly, produced by mothers a source neutralizes activity. These results recommendations continue mild-to-moderate maternal COVID-19 illness.

Language: Английский

Citations

76