The intestinal interferon system and specialized enterocytes as putative drivers of HIV latency DOI Creative Commons

Rachel L Creighton,

Sean M. Hughes, Florian Hladik

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 14, 2025

The barrier to HIV cure is the reservoir, which composed of latently infected CD4+ T cells and myeloid that carry stably integrated replication-competent provirus. gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contains a substantial part reservoir its immunophysiology could be especially conducive for persistence reactivation. However, exact cellular microenvironment molecular mechanisms govern renewal provirus-harboring proviral reactivation in GIT remain unclear. In this review, we outline evidence supporting an overarching hypothesis interferon activity driven by specialized enterocytes creates fosters proliferation sporadic from these cells. First, describe unique immunologic features associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), specifically highlighting IFN potential interactions between neighboring susceptible Then, will dysregulation signaling infection how GALT may contribute latent reservoir. Finally, speculate on clinical implications strategies next steps.

Language: Английский

Examining the feasibility of replacing ORF3a with fluorescent genes to construct SARS-CoV-2 reporter viruses DOI
Isobel Webb,

Maximillian Erdmann,

Rachel Milligan

et al.

Journal of General Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(2)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes at least nine accessory proteins, including innate immune antagonist and putative viroporin ORF3a. ORF3a plays a role in many stages of the viral replication cycle, modulation. We constructed two recombinant (r)SARS-CoV-2 viruses which gene was replaced with mScarlet (mS) or mNeonGreen (mNG), denoted as rSARS-CoV-2-Δ3a-mS rSARS-CoV-2-Δ3a-mNG, respectively. rSARS-CoV-2-Δ3a-mNG generated fluorescent signal after infection both A549-ACE-2-TMPRSS2 (AAT) Vero-E6-TMPRSS2 (VTN) cells, unlike rSARS-CoV-2-Δ3a-mS. mS protein could be detected immunologically VTN but not AAT indicating expression non-fluorescent protein. analysis transcriptomes infected cells by nanopore direct RNA sequencing (dRNAseq) revealed that level transcript below limit detection cells. virus found to genetically stable acquired partial deletions during sequential passaging creating rSARS-CoV-2-Δ3a-ΔmS. deletion removes chromophore coding sequence, this may explain presence rSARS-CoV-2-Δ3a-ΔmS all replicated lower titre produced smaller plaques than parental rSARS-CoV-2-S-D614G. Interestingly, higher titres larger plaque sizes This suggested insertion sequence contributed attenuation. In comparison rSARS-CoV-2, showed increased sensitivity pre-treatment IFN-α did exhibit dose-dependent increase Janus kinase-signal transducer activator transcription signalling pathway inhibitor, ruxolitinib. conclusion, replacement those reporter proteins attenuated its ability effectively evade response vitro.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity DOI Creative Commons

Eun‐Bin Kwon,

Buyun Kim, Young‐Eun Kim

et al.

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 71 - 71

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

To combat influenza A virus (IAV) infection, it is vital to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including immunomodulators. In this study, we examined the antiviral effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. honey (HDH) against IAV using RAW 264.7 cells. HDH treatment significantly reduced infection and viral protein expression. Moreover, enhanced production interferon (IFN)-β, activated innate immune response through cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator genes (STING) pathway, upregulated IFN signaling signal transducer activator transcription (STAT)1/2 phosphorylation interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) addition, decreased IAV-induced intracellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by upregulating expression antioxidant proteins, such as Sirt3 SOD2. The results suggest that a potential agent inhibiting replication boosting host immunity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effects of Exposure to Different Types of Microplastics on the Growth and Development of Rana zhenhaiensis Tadpoles DOI Creative Commons

Shimin Xiao,

Hao Chen, Xiwu Gao

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 165 - 165

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a major environmental problem, but comparative study of the toxicological effects different MPs remains lacking. To explore three microplastics, namely, polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE), Zhenhai brown frog (Rana zhenhaiensis) tadpoles were used as model animal. The results showed that exposure to PE PS significantly reduced metamorphosis rate tadpoles. Compared with control group, body weight in all MP treatments was compared group. In addition, length hind limb number pigment cells increased intercellular spaces expanded liver tissues receiving treatments. composition function intestinal microbiota PP treatment groups similar, whereas between control, they differed. Liver transcriptome sequencing revealed significant alterations key genes associated oxidative stress, energy metabolism, immune response, apoptosis signaling pathways treatment. summary, may have harmed varying degrees by interfering related pathways. negative greater than those PP.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Identification of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs) in canines DOI Creative Commons
Zhichao Pan, Yutong Liu, Hong Dai

et al.

BMC Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regulation of epithelial growth factor receptors by the oncoprotein E5 during the HPV16 differentiation-dependent life cycle DOI Creative Commons
Mariano A. Molina,

Sneha Biswas,

Omar Jiménez-Vázquez

et al.

Tumour Virus Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 200315 - 200315

Published: March 7, 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection initiates upon viral entry into the basal cells of epithelium. The virus manipulates signaling pathways to complete its life cycle, which depends on cellular differentiation. expresses oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7 promote immune evasion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis inhibition, replication. least studied oncoprotein is E5 (16E5), can regulate epithelial growth factor receptor (GFR) pathways. GFRs such as transforming factor-beta (TGFBR), epidermal (EGFR), keratinocyte (KGFR) have essential roles in growth, differentiation, proliferation. These receptors obtain their ligands from microenvironment, once activated, behavior therefore represent valuable targets for establish maintain a environment supportive infection. ability 16E5 proliferation differentiation varies through differentiating epithelium, making it necessary adequately describe association between GFRs. Here we summarize regulation GFR by 16E5, discuss stromal factors, outline unresolved questions over during HPV cycle.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Hierarchical network modulation of cell death regulators and inflammatory genes by biogenically engineered gold nanoconstructs with CK in gastric tumorigenesis DOI Creative Commons
Abdus Samad, A. Gnanasekaran,

Yeon Ju Kim

et al.

Cancer Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Anthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid Is a Potential Antiviral Candidate Against Influenza Viruses In Vitro and In Vivo DOI Creative Commons
Sichen Ren, Yan Luo,

Huimin Tao

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 628 - 628

Published: April 27, 2025

Seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics triggered by influenza viruses annually impose considerable burdens on public health finances. The continual evolution of viral strains with drug resistance emphasizes the urgency discovering novel agents for viruses. This study investigated a set innovative substances derived from Morinda officinalis antiviral potential against virus strains. top candidate, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (A2CA), presented activity diverse strains, including those resistant to oseltamivir. In an mouse model, pre-administration A2CA dose-dependently ameliorated A (IAV)-mediated weight loss as well protected mice lethal IAV infection. addition, lung injury cytokine dysregulation were mitigated. Further investigation revealed that IAV-induced activation RIG-I/STAT1 signaling pathway did not occur after treatment. time-of-addition assay targeted final phase intracellular replication, which was further determined molecular docking between RdRp protein. Finally, transcriptome analysis TP53TG3C, CFAP57 SNX30-DT genes may be involved in effects A2CA. These results play part achieving thorough comprehension capacity inhibit

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The intestinal interferon system and specialized enterocytes as putative drivers of HIV latency DOI Creative Commons

Rachel L Creighton,

Sean M. Hughes, Florian Hladik

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 14, 2025

The barrier to HIV cure is the reservoir, which composed of latently infected CD4+ T cells and myeloid that carry stably integrated replication-competent provirus. gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contains a substantial part reservoir its immunophysiology could be especially conducive for persistence reactivation. However, exact cellular microenvironment molecular mechanisms govern renewal provirus-harboring proviral reactivation in GIT remain unclear. In this review, we outline evidence supporting an overarching hypothesis interferon activity driven by specialized enterocytes creates fosters proliferation sporadic from these cells. First, describe unique immunologic features associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), specifically highlighting IFN potential interactions between neighboring susceptible Then, will dysregulation signaling infection how GALT may contribute latent reservoir. Finally, speculate on clinical implications strategies next steps.

Language: Английский

Citations

0