Diversification, loss, and virulence gains of the major effector AvrStb6 during continental spread of the wheat pathogenZymoseptoria tritici DOI Creative Commons
Ana Margarida Sampaio, Sabina Moser Tralamazza,

Faharidine Mohamadi

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Summary Interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts are highly dynamic mainly driven by pathogen effectors receptors. Host-pathogen co-evolution can cause rapid diversification or loss of genes encoding host-exposed proteins. The molecular mechanisms that underpin such sequence dynamics remains poorly investigated at the scale entire species. Here, we focus on AvrStb6 , a major effector global wheat Zymoseptoria tritici evolving in response to cognate receptor Stb6 resistance widely deployed wheat. We comprehensively captured gene evolution analyzing thousand-genome panel using reference-free analyses. found has diversified into 59 protein isoforms with strong association spreading new continents. Across Europe, strongest differentiation consistent high rates deployment. locus showed also remarkable transposable element content specific expansion patterns across globe. detected losses evidence for element-mediated disruptions. used genome-wide mapping data predict virulence emergence marked increases followed spread subsequently colonized Finally, genotyped French bread cultivars monitored resistant cultivar deployment concomitant evolution. Taken together, our provides comprehensive view how rapidly diversifying undergo large-scale changes gains cultivars. analyses highlight need sequencing panels assess durability improve sustainability strategies. Author summary plants specialized often mediated sophisticated dialogue. Effectors produced serve manipulate host but may be trigger defence upon recognition. Deploying carrying against could lead adaptation pathogen. unraveled distribution range fungal . is encoded located polymorphic region chromosome near telomere. find selfish elements ( i.e. elements) repeatedly inserted nearby gene, which likely facilitated among continents, helped escape recognition receptor. Our study one most views crop factors. Such studies facilitate devising more durable strategies order maintain yield.

Language: Английский

Copy number variation introduced by a massive mobile element facilitates global thermal adaptation in a fungal wheat pathogen DOI Creative Commons
Sabina Moser Tralamazza, Emile Gluck‐Thaler, Alice Feurtey

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 8, 2024

Abstract Copy number variation (CNV) can drive rapid evolution in changing environments. In microbial pathogens, such adaptation is a key factor underpinning epidemics and colonization of new niches. However, the genomic determinants remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate CNVs large genome sequencing dataset spanning worldwide collection 1104 genomes from major wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici . We found overall strong purifying selection acting on most CNVs. Genomic defense mechanisms likely accelerated gene loss over episodes continental colonization. Local along climatic gradients was facilitated by affecting secondary metabolite production general. One strongest loci for highly conserved NAD-dependent Sirtuin family. The CNV locus localizes to an ~68-kb Starship mobile element unique species carrying genes expressed during plant infection. has lost ability transpose, demonstrating how ongoing domestication cargo-carrying selfish elements contribute selectable within populations. Our work highlights standing copy numbers at global scale be driving metabolic species.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Diversification, loss, and virulence gains of the major effector AvrStb6 during continental spread of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici DOI Creative Commons
Ana Margarida Sampaio, Sabina Moser Tralamazza,

Faharidine Mohamadi

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1012983 - e1012983

Published: March 31, 2025

Interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts are highly dynamic mainly driven by pathogen effectors receptors. Host-pathogen co-evolution can cause rapid diversification or loss of genes encoding host-exposed proteins. The molecular mechanisms that underpin such sequence dynamics remains poorly investigated at the scale entire species. Here, we focus on AvrStb6, a major effector global wheat Zymoseptoria tritici, evolving in response to cognate receptor Stb6, resistance widely deployed wheat. We comprehensively captured gene evolution analyzing thousand-genome panel using reference-free analyses. found AvrStb6 has diversified into 59 protein isoforms with strong association spreading new continents. Across Europe, strongest differentiation consistent high rates Stb6 deployment. locus showed also remarkable transposable element content specific expansion patterns across globe. detected losses evidence for element-mediated disruptions. used virulence datasets genome-wide mapping studies predict changes panel. Genomic predictions suggested marked increases cultivars concomitant spread Europe subsequent further Finally, genotyped French bread monitored resistant cultivar deployment evolution. Taken together, our data provides comprehensive view how rapidly diversifying undergo large-scale gains cultivars. analyses highlight need sequencing panels assess durability improve sustainability strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Integrated Disease Management, Adaptation and Genomics of Fungal Plant Pathogens in Cropping Systems DOI Creative Commons
Hayley Wilson, Ido Bar, Kristy Hobson

et al.

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2025

ABSTRACT Crop production systems contribute significantly to maintaining global food security. These often involve the cultivation of single cultivars in highly homogenised environments meet demands. Agriculturally important plant fungal pathogens can be destructive constraints such systems. Integrated disease management strategies comprising tactical use cultural, chemical and host genetic controls are deployed reduce impact pathogens. The homogenous nature these cropping combined with evolutionary forces on often‐flexible genome increases potential for rapid adaptation current integrated practices. This review explores genomic features (such as transposable elements copy number variation) that influence pathogen populations Furthermore, interactions between drive discussed relative three major components agricultural specifies need a cohesive analysis within maintain sustainable face future evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Genome-wide expression QTL mapping reveals the highly dynamic regulatory landscape of a major wheat pathogen DOI Creative Commons
Leen Abraham, Daniel Croll

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Abstract Background In agricultural ecosystems, outbreaks of diseases are frequent and pose a significant threat to food security. A successful pathogen undergoes complex well-timed sequence regulatory changes avoid detection by the host immune system; hence, well-tuned gene regulation is essential for survival. However, extent which polymorphisms in population provide an adaptive advantage poorly understood. Results We used Zymoseptoria tritici , one most important pathogens wheat, generate genome-wide map polymorphism governing expression. investigated transcription levels 146 strains grown under nutrient starvation performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. identified cis -eQTLs 65.3% all genes majority eQTL within 2kb upstream downstream start site (TSS). also show that different elements contributes disproportionally variation. Investigating categories, we found enrichment variants predicted be fungal pathogenesis but with comparatively low effect size, suggesting separate layer involving epigenetics. previously reported trait-associated SNPs populations frequently -regulatory neighboring implications architecture. Conclusions Overall, our study provides extensive evidence single segregate large-scale variation likely fuel rapid adaptation resistant hosts environmental change.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Diversification, loss, and virulence gains of the major effector AvrStb6 during continental spread of the wheat pathogenZymoseptoria tritici DOI Creative Commons
Ana Margarida Sampaio, Sabina Moser Tralamazza,

Faharidine Mohamadi

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Summary Interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts are highly dynamic mainly driven by pathogen effectors receptors. Host-pathogen co-evolution can cause rapid diversification or loss of genes encoding host-exposed proteins. The molecular mechanisms that underpin such sequence dynamics remains poorly investigated at the scale entire species. Here, we focus on AvrStb6 , a major effector global wheat Zymoseptoria tritici evolving in response to cognate receptor Stb6 resistance widely deployed wheat. We comprehensively captured gene evolution analyzing thousand-genome panel using reference-free analyses. found has diversified into 59 protein isoforms with strong association spreading new continents. Across Europe, strongest differentiation consistent high rates deployment. locus showed also remarkable transposable element content specific expansion patterns across globe. detected losses evidence for element-mediated disruptions. used genome-wide mapping data predict virulence emergence marked increases followed spread subsequently colonized Finally, genotyped French bread cultivars monitored resistant cultivar deployment concomitant evolution. Taken together, our provides comprehensive view how rapidly diversifying undergo large-scale changes gains cultivars. analyses highlight need sequencing panels assess durability improve sustainability strategies. Author summary plants specialized often mediated sophisticated dialogue. Effectors produced serve manipulate host but may be trigger defence upon recognition. Deploying carrying against could lead adaptation pathogen. unraveled distribution range fungal . is encoded located polymorphic region chromosome near telomere. find selfish elements ( i.e. elements) repeatedly inserted nearby gene, which likely facilitated among continents, helped escape recognition receptor. Our study one most views crop factors. Such studies facilitate devising more durable strategies order maintain yield.

Language: Английский

Citations

0