Zymocin-like killer toxin gene clusters in the nuclear genomes of filamentous fungi

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103957 - 103957

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Structure and Assembly of Non-enveloped Spherical Viruses

Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 606, P. 110454 - 110454

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bacilladnaviridae: refined taxonomy and new insights into the biology and evolution of diatom-infecting DNA viruses

Journal of General Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(3)

Published: March 12, 2025

Bacilladnaviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that infect diatoms that, so far, have been primarily identified in marine organisms and environments. Using a viral metagenomics approach, we discovered 13 novel bacilladnaviruses originating from samples of mud-flat snail ( Amphibola crenata ; n =3 genomes) benthic sediments =10 collected the Avon-Heathcote Estuary New Zealand. Comparative genomics phylogenetic analysis new bacilladnavirus sequences context previously classified members family helped refine further expand Bacilladnaviridae taxonomy. Here, based on replication-associated protein phylogeny pairwise identities, established 4 genera – Aberdnavirus , Keisodnavirus Puahadnavirus Seawadnavirus species within family. Comparison capsid suggests positively charged N-terminal region (R-arm) is required for encapsidation larger genomes, whereas smaller genomes can be packaged absence R-arm subdomain. Furthermore, revealed three encode highly derived variant phospholipase A1, which predicted to involved lysis infected and/or facilitates entry virions into host cells. Collectively, our results allow refining taxonomy provide insights biology evolution this understudied group diatom viruses.

Language: Английский

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BEREN: A bioinformatic tool for recovering Giant viruses, Polinton-like Viruses, and Virophages in metagenomic data

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Abstract Viruses in the kingdom Bamfordvirae , specifically giant viruses (NCLDVs) phylum Nucleocytoviricota and smaller members Preplasmiviricota phylum, are widespread important groups of that infect eukaryotes. While this such as viruses, polinton-like virophages have gained large interest from researchers recent years, there is still a lack streamlined tools for recovery their genomes metagenomic datasets. Here, we present BEREN, comprehensive bioinformatic tool to unlock diversity these metagenomes through five modules NCLDV genome, contig, marker gene recovery, metabolic protein annotation, genome identification annotation. BEREN’s performance was benchmarked against other mainstream virus using mock metagenome, demonstrating superior rates contigs genomes. Applied real-world dataset Baltic Sea, BEREN identified diverse members, giving insight into viral interactions functions region. Overall, offers user-friendly, transparent solution studying ecological functional roles eukaryotic facilitating broader access analysis.

Language: Английский

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Zymocin-like killer toxin gene clusters in the nuclear genomes of filamentous fungi

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Abstract Zymocin-like killer toxins are anticodon nucleases secreted by some budding yeast species, which kill competitor yeasts cleaving tRNA molecules. They encoded virus-like elements (VLEs), cytosolic linear DNA molecules that also called plasmids. To date, of this type have been found only in species (Saccharomycotina). Here, we show the nuclear genomes many filamentous fungi (Pezizomycotina) contain small clusters genes coding for a zymocin-like ribonuclease (γ-toxin), chitinase (toxin α/β-subunit), and cases an immunity protein. The γ-toxins from Fusarium oxysporum Colletotrichum siamense abolished growth when expressed intracellularly S. cerevisiae . Phylogenetic analysis glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) domains shows gene members previously described C-II subgroup Pezizomycotina chitinases. We propose originated integration yeast-like VLE into genome, but event must ancient because (1) phylogenetically, chitinases Saccharomycotina VLE-encoded toxin α/β subunit sister clades with neither them nested inside other, (2) cluster introns, whereas VLEs do not. One graminearum is locus has shown to be under diversifying selection North American populations plant pathogen. two genera agaric mushrooms (Basidiomycota) acquired horizontal transfers different donors.

Language: Английский

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Viral dynamics in a high-rate algal pond reveals a burst of Phycodnaviridae diversity correlated with episodic algal mortality

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

This study explores virus-host dynamics in a unique environment: an industrial high-rate algal pond (HRAP). A wealth of novel DNA viruses are revealed, including members

Language: Английский

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