A Fungal World: Could the Gut Mycobiome Be Involved in Neurological Disease?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

The human microbiome has received decades of attention from scientific and medical research communities. gastrointestinal tract is host to immense populations microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, archaea fungi (the gut microbiota). High-throughput sequencing computational advancements provide unprecedented ability investigate the structure function microbial communities associated with body in health disease. Most date largely focused on elucidating bacterial component microbiota. Study "mycobiota", which refers diverse array fungal species, a relatively new rapidly progressing field. Though omnipresent, number abundance occupying orders magnitude smaller than that bacteria. Recent insights however, have suggested mycobiota may be intricately linked Evaluation shown not only are altered disease, but they also play role maintaining intestinal homeostasis influencing systemic immunity. In addition, it now widely accepted host-fungi bacteria-fungi associations critical health. While disease rise, little been performed context neuroimmune neurodegenerative conditions. Gut microbiota dysbiosis (specifically bacteria archaea) reported neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Alzheimer's, among others. Given paucity mycobiota-specific studies this review discusses potential other diseases. Herein, we an overview recent advances mycobiome discuss plausible both non-intestinal

Language: Английский

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The gut mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to diet

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: March 5, 2021

As an active interface between the host and their diet, gut microbiota influences metabolic adaptation; however, contributions of fungi have been overlooked. Here, we investigate whether variations in mycobiome abundance composition correlate with key features metabolism. We obtained animals from four commercial sources parallel to test if differing starting mycobiomes can shape adaptation response processed diets. show that healthy mice is shaped by environment, including significantly correlates outcomes. demonstrate exposure diet leads persistent differences fungal communities associate differential deposition body mass male compared fed standardized diet. Fat liver, transcriptional metabolically tissues serum biomarker levels are linked alterations community diversity composition. Specifically, variation genera Thermomyces Saccharomyces most strongly disturbance weight gain. These data suggest host-microbe interactions may be influenced variability mycobiome. This work highlights potential significance health has implications for human experimental studies.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Mycobiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 21, 2019

The human gut is inhabited by diverse microorganisms that play crucial roles in health and disease. Gut microbiota dysbiosis increasingly considered as a vital factor the etiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which common functional gastrointestinal disorder with high incidence all over world. However, investigations to date are primarily directed bacterial community, mycobiome, another fundamental part ecosystem, has been underestimated. Intestinal fungi have important effects on maintaining homeostasis just species. In present article, we reviewed potential mycobiome pathogenesis IBS connections between existing mechanisms such chronic low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut interactions. Moreover, possible strategies targeted at for managing were also described. This review provides basis considering role offers novel treatment patients; moreover, it adds new dimensions researches microorganism.

Language: Английский

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The role of gut mycobiome in health and diseases

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The gut microbiome comprised of microbes from multiple kingdoms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Emerging evidence suggests that the intestinal fungi (the "mycobiome") play an important role in host immunity inflammation. Advances next generation sequencing methods to study fecal samples mucosa tissues have expanded our understanding homeostasis systemic health their contribution different human diseases. In this review, current status mycobiome health, early life, diseases inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, metabolic were summarized.

Language: Английский

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Mycobiome and Cancer: What Is the Evidence?

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 3149 - 3149

Published: June 24, 2021

Background: To date, most researchhas focused on the bacterial composition of human microbiota. In this review, we synopsize recent data mycobiome and cancer, highlighting specific cancer types based current available evidence, presenting interesting perspectives limitations studies laboratory methodologies. Recent findings: Head neck carcinoma (HNCC), colorectal (CRC) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) have been associated with dissimilarities in mycobiota between cases non-cancer participants. Overall, fungal dysbiosis decreased richness diversity was common patients; however, a mycobiotic signature HNSCC or CRC has not emerged. Different strains Candida albicans identified among HNCC, whilst Lichtheimia corymbifera, member Mucoraceae family, shown to predominate patients oral tongue cancer. Virulence factors spp. include formation biofilm filamentation, secretion toxins metabolites. present dysregulated ratio Basidiomycota/Ascomycota. Abundance Malassezia linked occurrence progression PDA, particularly animal models PDA. Interestingly, Schizophyllum, component mycobiome, may exhibit anti-cancer potential. Conclusion: The per se, along its interactions bacteriome host, be implicated promotion carcinogenesis. Fungi used as diagnostic prognostic/predictive tools treatment targets for coming years. More large-scale, prospective, multicentric longitudinal an integrative multi-omics methodology are required examine precise contribution etiopathogenesis delineate whether changes that occur causal consequent

Language: Английский

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