Emergence of Triazole-Resistant Cryptococcus neoformans after Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Difenoconazole in Liquid Medium and Soil

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

The rapid global emergence and spread of resistance to clinical triazoles in Cryptococcus neoformans have been associated with the use agricultural triazole fungicides. However, there is no direct evidence currently linking triazole-resistant C. (TRCN) strains application fungicides soil. This study investigated whether could be induced by difenoconazole, an fungicide, liquid medium Our findings reveal that environmentally relevant concentrations difenoconazole can drive cross-resistance through upregulation ERG11 efflux pump genes (AFR1, AFR3, MDR1). Notably, prevalence TRCN soil correlates residual levels, significantly more isolates observed at two- five-fold recommended dose than standard dose. These results provide highlight importance applying or below dosage mitigate development environments. addresses a critical gap understanding environmental drivers underscores need for responsible fungicide prevent resistant pathogens.

Language: Английский

Retrospective link of altered mental status and cryptococcal meningitis

International review of neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский