The mysterious anelloviruses: investigating its role in human diseases

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Anelloviruses (AVs) that infect the human population are members of Anelloviridae family. They widely distributed in populations worldwide. Torque teno virus (TTV) was first this family to be identified and is estimated found serum 80–90% population. Sometime after identification TTV, mini (TTMV) midi (TTMDV) were also classified Since identifying these viruses, have been detected various types biological fluids body, including blood urine, as well vital organs such liver kidney. can transmitted from person through transfusions, fecal-oral contact, possibly sexual intercourse. Recent studies on newly introduced viruses show although they not directly related disease, may indirectly involved initiating or exacerbating some population-related diseases viral infections. Among diseases, we mention cancers, immune system infections, hepatitis, AIDS. Also, likely use microRNAs (miRNAs) encode fulfill cooperative role. recent years, role proliferation their load, especially has highlighted indicate status immunocompromised people who undergo organ transplants. Here, review possible target humans highlight them important require further study. This provide new insights researchers.

Language: Английский

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Novel Circovirus in Blood from Intravenous Drug Users, Yunnan, China

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(5)

Published: April 18, 2023

We identified a novel circovirus (human-associated 2 [HuCV2]) from the blood of intravenous drug users in China who were infected with HIV-1, hepatitis C virus, or both. HuCV2 is most closely related to porcine 3. Our findings underscore risk for and other emerging viruses among this population.

Language: Английский

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Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection

Virulence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

An expansion of plasma anelloviruses and dysregulation inflammation was associated with HIV-1 infection. However, how antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects the dynamics virome cytokine profile remains largely unknown. To characterize cytokines in HIV-1-infected individuals before during first year ART, a cohort 26 19 healthy controls recruited. Blood samples were collected subjected to metagenomic analysis measurement 27 cytokines. Metagenomic revealed an increased abundance prevalence human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) slightly decreased diversity anellovirus after ART. No obvious impact observed on other commensal viruses. Increased HPgV-1 further confirmed by RT-qPCR assay larger 114 individuals. Notably, most dysregulated not fully restored extremely abnormal levels IL-10, GM-CSF, VEGF, eotaxin, significantly level I-FABP. Anelloviruses showed negative correlations viruses except HPgV-1, but had positive corrections several anti-inflammatory Th1 These results suggest that short-term ART may correct dysregulations induced The highlight need for investigation into long-term effect

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Human Virome: Composition, Dynamics, and Implications for Health and Disease

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: Nov. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Altered vaginal eukaryotic virome is associated with different cervical disease status

Virologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(2), P. 184 - 197

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Viruses are important components of the human body. Growing evidence suggests that they engaged in physiology and disease status host. Even though vaginal microbiome is involved papillomavirus (HPV) infection cervical cancer (CC) progression, little known about role virome. In this pilot exploratory study, using unbiased viral metagenomics, we aim to investigate eukaryotic virome women with different levels lesions, examine their associations status. An altered was observed lesions Lactobacillus profiles. Anelloviruses papillomaviruses most commonly detected viruses Higher abundance richness anelloviruses were associated low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) CC. Besides, higher anellovirus also lactobacillus-depleted profiles bacterial community state (CST) type IV. Furthermore, increased correlations between Anelloviridae Papillomaviridae occurred severity level from LSIL These data suggest underlying interactions microbes as well host physiology. diversity both shared by CC may be used a potential adjunct biomarker predict risk HPV persistent and/or Future studies need focus on clinical relevance status, evaluation new for prediction prognoses

Language: Английский

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A Diverse Virome Is Identified in Parasitic Flatworms of Domestic Animals in Xinjiang, China

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: April 12, 2023

Parasitic flatworms infect diverse vertebrates and are major threats to animal even human health; however, little is known about the virome of these lower life forms. Using viral metagenomic sequencing, we characterized parasitic collected from domestic animals, including Dicrocoelium lanceatum Taenia hydatigena, Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto multilocularis. Seven three different viruses were discovered D. T. respectively, no sequences found in adult tapeworms protoscoleces E. Two out five flatworm species carry viruses, showing a host specificity viruses. These belong Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, unclassified circular, Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus, Rhabdoviridae, Endornaviridae, RNA The presence multiple highly divergent especially those that cluster with marine implies deep evolutionary history parasite-associated In addition, high identity common pathogens dogs, canine circovirus parvovirus 2. parasites they may but does not completely exclude possibility contamination intestinal contents. Furthermore, demonstrated certain such as CRESS virus integrate into genome their host. Our results expand knowledge diversity important highlighting need for further investigations prevalence among other key animals. IMPORTANCE Characterizing unveiling diversity, evolution, ecology will help understand "Russian doll" pattern parasites, data indicate present specific flatworms, have an ancient currently circulating parasite-infected also raise question whether acquire and/or some transmission potential through study virus-parasite-host interactions, influence infection on cycle parasite, well its fitness pathogenicity host, could find new strategies prevent control diseases.

Language: Английский

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Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 221 - 227

Published: June 27, 2024

The primate microbiome consists of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses that dynamically shape respond to host health disease. Understanding how the symbiotic relationship between responds HIV has implications for therapeutic design.

Language: Английский

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Metagenomic analysis reveals presence of different animal viruses in commercial fetal bovine serum and trypsin

动物学研究, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 756 - 766

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Animal-derived biological products, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) and trypsin, are important supplements for scientific, pharmaceutical, medical use. Although preventive guidelines tests implemented to reduce potential viral contamination in these biologicals, they do not target unusual or emerging viruses, leading safety concerns. Using unbiased metagenomics, we investigated the presence of viruses recently collected commercial FBS trypsin samples from different geographic regions. In total, detected sequences belonging Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Flaviviridae, Herpesviridae, Caliciviridae, Nodaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, including several related diseases, human insect origin, unknown origin. Bovine parvovirus 3 bosavirus were with high frequency abundance FBS, necessitating more stringent testing parvoviruses during production. Both norovirus diarrhea virus 1 displayed relatively genetic distance closest hits, indicating new genotypes farm animals. While origin novel lyssavirus Nipah is unclear, their raises possibility introduction pathogenic animal-derived into biologicals. Our results showed widespread underscoring need robust protocol alternatives, metagenomic sequencing, monitor viruses.动物源性的生物制品，如胎牛血清（FBS）和胰蛋白酶（Trypsin），是科学、制药和医疗等领域的重要添加成分。尽管采取了预防性的指南和措施来减少这些生物制品中潜在的病毒污染，但是这些措施并未针对罕见的或新发的病毒，因此可能会导致潜在的安全问题。我们使用无偏的宏基因组方法，对来自不同区域的商业FBS和Trypsin样本中携带的病毒进行了分析。我们检测到了 Parvoviridae、Anelloviridae、Flaviviridae、Herpesviridae、Caliciviridae、Nodaviridae、Rhabdoviridae 和 Paramyxoviridae的病毒序列。这些序列中包括几种与牛疾病相关的病毒、潜在人类和昆虫来源的病毒以及一些来源不明的病毒。牛细小病毒3型（BPV3）和bosavirus在FBS中的检出频率最高、数量最多，暗示了在生产过程中需要对这些细小病毒进行更严格的检测。牛诺如病毒和牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）与其最接近的毒株均显示出相对较高的遗传距离，表明这些样本来源的动物中可能存在新的病毒基因型。样本中发现了潜在的新型狂犬病毒和尼帕病毒序列，虽然它们可能是未知来源的污染造成，但是这些病毒序列的存在也暗示了一些重要的致命性的动物病毒被引入到生物制品中的风险。这些结果表明生物制品中存在着普遍的病毒序列污染，因此未来需要更加强有力的措施，如宏基因组测序等方法作为质量和安全控制的替代方案，并同时来监测可能出现的新发病毒。.

Language: Английский

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Plasma Virome of HIV-infected Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Reveals Association of Differentially Abundant Viruses with Distinct T-cell Phenotypes and Inflammation

Current Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 105 - 119

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Background:: The plasma virome represents the overall composition of viral sequences present in it. Alteration has been reported treatment naïve and immunocompromised (CD4 count < 200) people with HIV (PWH). However, effect ART on PWH preserved CD4 counts is poorly understood. Objective:: We aimed to assess alterations comparison HIV-negative uninfected controls further investigate possible associations viruses inflammation immune dysfunction, namely, immunosenescence exhaustion. Methods:: Plasma DNA from was used for sequencing Illumina Nextseq500 platform, followed by identification using an automated pipeline, VIROMATCH. Multiplex cytokine assay performed measure concentrations various cytokines plasma. Immunophenotyping PBMCs identify T cell markers Results:: In our observational, cross-sectional pilot study, chronically infected had significantly different species compositions compared controls. showed a high relative abundance Human gammaherpesvirus 4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Moreover, EBV emerged significant taxon differentially enriched ART, which correlated positively exhaustion phenotype cells increased TNF-α ART. Additionally, proportion senescent IL-8 detected Conclusion:: Altered influenced inflammatory response T-cell

Language: Английский

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Changing the High‐Risk Behaviors of Injecting Drug Users in Iran: Application Theory of Planned Behavior

The Scientific World JOURNAL, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background . Injection risk behavior is a major predictor of HIV infection. The present study was conducted to survey the effect educational intervention based on theory planned changing high‐risk behaviors (the injecting and transmitting blood diseases others) drug users under coverage addiction harm reduction centers. Methods This an experimental research 120 addicts in 2021‐2022. Two centers Fasa City, Iran, were chosen randomly (one as test group other control group). data collection tool made up two parts. first part questionnaire demographics. second behavior, which using information from different sources studies. training program set pretest results for group. Before six months after intervention, groups filled out questionnaire. With significance level 0.05, independent t , chi‐square, paired statistical tests used examine SPSS 22 program. Results In group, average age 37.42 ± 10.55 years, while 38.36 10.09 years ( p = 0.244). Six all TPB theory’s constructs (knowledge, attitude, subjective norms perceived behavioral control, intention, users) higher than 0.001). Conclusion show this reducing related injection addicts, so it suggested useful method reduce these people.

Language: Английский

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