Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Impact on future COVID-19 vaccine strategies

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e30208 - e30208

Published: April 25, 2024

The rapid emergence of multiple strains Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked profound concerns regarding the ongoing evolution virus and its potential impact on global health. Classified by World Health Organization (WHO) as variants concern (VOC), these exhibit heightened transmissibility pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to existing vaccine strategies. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, continual SARS-CoV-2 presents a formidable obstacle achieving herd immunity. Of particular is coronavirus spike (S) protein, pivotal viral surface protein crucial for host cell entry infectivity. Mutations within S have been shown enhance confer resistance antibody-mediated neutralization, undermining efficacy traditional platforms. Moreover, undergoes molecular under selective immune pressure, leading diverse with distinct mutation profiles. This review underscores urgent need vigilance adaptation in development efforts combat evolving landscape mutations ensure long-term effectiveness immunization campaigns.

Language: Английский

---

Virus Evolution in Prolonged Infections of Immunocompromised Individuals

Clinical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 109 - 118

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Many viruses can cause persistent infection and/or viral shedding in immunocompromised hosts. This is a well-described occurrence not only with SARS-CoV-2 but for many other as well. Understanding how evolve and mutate these patients the global impact of this phenomenon critical population expands. Content In review, we provide an overview populations at risk prolonged shedding, clinical manifestations infection, methods assessing evolution. We then review literature on evolution across array RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, norovirus, influenza, poliovirus, discuss implications infections Summary There significant evidence accelerated accumulation mutations antigenic sites hosts pathogens. However, are clear; while there rare reports transmission variants, they have clearly been shown to predict disease outbreaks or relevance. Emerging wastewater monitoring may more sophisticated understanding variants that wider host population.

Language: Английский

---

Genomic Alterations of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Strain of the GI-23 Lineage Induced by Passages in Chickens and Quails

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4200 - 4200

Published: April 28, 2025

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of the GI-23 lineage, which first emerged in Middle East late 1990s, has since spread worldwide. The factors driving its expansion, whether human involvement, wild bird migration, or virus’s biological traits, are still unclear. This study aimed to trace genome evolution IBV chickens and adaptability quails, susceptible both gamma- deltacoronaviruses. Thirty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) birds, aged between two three weeks, were used. Initially, birds inoculated with G052/2016 via oculo-nasal route. On third day post-infection (dpi), oropharyngeal swabs collected from whole group, pooled, subsequently used infect next birds. process was repeated nine more times during consecutive passages (P-I–P-X), eventually, sequencing performed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). obtained results showed that quails not as RNA detected low amounts only passage (QP-I) no further detections later rounds passaging. In chickens, mild diarrhea symptoms appeared a few individuals. NGS analysis identified sixty-two single nucleotide variants (SNVs), thirty caused amino acid changes, twenty-eight synonymous, one SNV introduced stop codon. Three SNVs found untranslated regions. However, none these lasted beyond seven passages, forty-four being unique SNVs. Shannon entropy values measured varied for pol1a, pol1b, S, 5a, 5b, N genes, overall complexity peaking at CP-VI CP-X. highest observed pol1a (CP-X) S genes (CP-IV, CP-VI, CP-VIII, CP-X). Along gene under positive selection, eight codons also positively selected. These findings suggest even an adapted host, variability does stabilize without immune pressure, indicating continuous molecular changes within genome.

Language: Английский

---

On the SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Infectious Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 289 - 297

Published: March 26, 2024

The evolutionary dynamics of viruses, particularly exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, underscore intricate interplay between genetics, host adaptation, and viral spread. This paper delves into genetic evolution SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing implications variants on global health. Initially emerging from Wuhan-Hu-1 lineage, rapidly diversified numerous variants, each characterized distinct mutations in spike protein other genomic regions. Notable such as B.1.1.7 (α), B.1.351 (β), P.1 (γ), B.1.617.2 (δ), Omicron variant have garnered significant attention due to their heightened transmissibility immune evasion capabilities. In particular, has presented a myriad subvariants, raising concerns about its potential impact public Despite emergence vast majority exhibited limited expansion capabilities not posed threats akin early pandemic strains. Continued surveillance is imperative identify concern promptly. While adaptation intrinsic evolution, effective health responses must be grounded empirical evidence navigate evolving landscape with resilience precision.

Language: Английский

---

Unique RNA replication characteristics and nucleocapsid protein expression may explain differences in the replication capacity of SARS-COV-2 lineages.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2024

Summary COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil was characterized by the sequential circulation of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.33, and variants Zeta (P.2), Gamma (P.1/P.1.*), Delta (B.1.617.2/AY.*), Omicron (BA.*). Our research aimed to compare biological traits these analyzing aspects viral replication including binding, entry, RNA replication, protein production. We demonstrated that capacity varies depending on cell type, with BA.1 exhibiting lowest human pulmonary cells. Additionally, nucleocapsid proteoforms generated during infection exhibit distinct patterns across variants. findings suggest factors beyond initial stages virus entry influence efficiency among different Thus, our study underscores significance role proteins shaping replicative characteristics Author summary The emergence presents specific properties such as response antibodies, pathogenicity detection diagnostic tests. presented a particular pattern global geographic regions. Despite cessation pandemic, officially declared World Health Organization 2023, new continue emerge while virus-cell interaction contribute have not yet been completely understood. In study, we compared circulated verifying production proteins. results indicate variant has reduced lung also observed vary according variant. These differences could help explain

Language: Английский

---

The Natural Evolution of RNA Viruses Provides Important Clues about the Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

SynBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 285 - 297

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Despite the recent pandemic, origin of its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, remains controversial. This study identifies several prototype SARS-CoV-2 variants (proto-variants) that are descendants Wuhan variant. A thorough evaluation evolutionary histories genomes these proto-variants reveals most mutations in were biased toward change amino acid sequence. While nonsynonymous substitutions (N mutations) common proto-variants, nucleotide changes do not result an change, termed synonymous (S mutations), dominate found other RNA viruses. The N mutation bias SARS-CoV2 was spike gene as well genes. analysis ratio to S general viruses revealed probability virus spontaneously evolves a proto-variant is between 1.5 × 10−9 and 2.7 10−26 under natural conditions. These results suggest did emerge via canonical route.

Language: Английский

---

In silico framework for genome analysis

Future Generation Computer Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 107585 - 107585

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

---