Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 146 - 157

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

The heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 immune responses has become considerably more complex over time and diverse imprinting is observed in vaccinated individuals. Despite vaccination, following emergence Omicron variant, some individuals appear susceptible to primary infections reinfections than others, underscoring need elucidate how are influenced by previous vaccination. IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies T-cell 1,325 (955 which were infection-naive) investigated before after three doses BNT162b2 vaccine, examining their relation breakthrough context Omicron. Our study shows that both humoral cellular vaccination generally higher infection compared infection-naive. Notably, viral exposure was crucial achieving a robust IgA response. Individuals with lower antibody postvaccination had significantly risk reinfection future infections. This not for responses. A subsequent dampened infection, consistent imprinting. These results underscore significant impact hybrid immunity general, particularly even revaccination, importance preventing

Language: Английский

---

Promises and challenges of mucosal COVID-19 vaccines

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(27), P. 4042 - 4049

Published: April 10, 2023

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, COVID-19 vaccines are given intramuscularly and they have been shown to evoke systemic immune responses that highly efficacious towards preventing disease death. However, vaccine-induced immunity wanes within a short time, booster doses currently recommended. Furthermore, current vaccine formulations do not adequately restrict infection at mucosal sites, such as in nasopharyngeal tract and, therefore, limited capacity block transmission. With these challenges mind, several being developed with aim of inducing long-lasting protective sites where SARS-COV-2 begins. Past successes vaccinations underscore potential developmental stage SARS-CoV-2 reduce burden, if eliminate it altogether. Here, we discuss triggered recent advances our understanding induced vaccines. We also highlight or tested for human use vaccination.

Language: Английский

---

Neutralization activity of IgG antibody in COVID‑19‑convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, anti-spike (S)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-nucleocapsid (N)-IgG, neutralization activity of IgG in COVID‑19‑convalescent plasma against variants SARS-CoV-2, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa, omicron R.1 strains. The study included 30 patients with clinically diagnosed COVID-19. anti-S-IgG anti-N-IgG levels ranged from 30.0 to 555.1 10.1 752.6, respectively. (50% inhibition concentration: IC 50 ) for wild-type Wuhan strain < 6.3 81.5 µg/ml. antibodies were > 100 µg/ml 18 (60%) subjects infected beta variant. values correlated inversely ( p 0.05), but no such correlation was noted anti-N-IgG. prevented infectivity cytopathic effects six different concern cell-based assays wild-type, kappa strains, not that considered main neutralizing blood, although other factors may be important body tissues.

Language: Английский

---

Mucoadhesive film for oral delivery of vaccines for protection of the respiratory tract

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 371, P. 179 - 192

Published: May 29, 2024

The delivery of vaccines plays a pivotal role in influencing the strength and longevity immune response controlling reactogenicity. Mucosal immunization, as compared to parenteral vaccination, could offer greater protection against respiratory infections while being less invasive. While oral vaccination has been presumed effective believed target mainly gastrointestinal tract, trans-buccal using mucoadhesive films (MAF) may allow targeted mucosa. Here we present an strategy for mucosal several vaccine platforms incorporated MAF, including DNA plasmids, viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles incorporating mRNA (mRNA/LNP). mRNA/LNP formulation targeting SARS-CoV-2 proof concept remained stable within MAF consisting slowly releasing water-soluble polymers impermeable backing layer, facilitating enhanced penetration into This elicited antibody cellular responses comparable intramuscular injection, but also induced production IgAs, highlighting its efficacy, particularly use booster potential advantage infections. preparation demonstrates significant advantages, such efficient delivery, stability, simple noninvasive administration with alleviate hesitancy.

Language: Английский

---

Modeling SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics: Insights into Viral Clearance and Immune Synergy

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(6)

Published: April 15, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Intranasal Administration of Bivalent RBD Nanoparticles Elicits Strong Systemic Responses That Effectively Block Distal Dissemination of COVID‐19

Microbiology and Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 9, 2025

The intranasal vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained more attention because of its ability to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. We have recently developed a c-GAMP-adjuvanted bivalent receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine, derived from the ancestral strain Omicron variant. demonstrated here that administration this candidate triggers not only respiratory but also response SARS-CoV-2. immunized mice elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies (Wuhan-1) variants concern (Delta, BA.1, BA.5). This route vaccination induced potent T cell responses with strong cytotoxic activity Wuhan-1 BA.1 strains. Additionally, intranasally significantly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in circulation spleens, indicating effective containment virus beyond tract. These findings suggest RBD holds promise for combating infections.

Language: Английский

---

Seroprevalence of IgM/IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Unvaccinated Young Adults from Mexico Who Reported Not Having Had a Previous COVID-19 Infection

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 8

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes disease 2019 (COVID-19). It estimated more than half of new infections are transmitted by asymptomatic people; therefore, isolation symptomatic people not enough to control spread disease. Methods. A total 171 unvaccinated young adults (18–35 years) from Sonora, Mexico, who underwent a structured survey identify prior COVID-19 infections, were included in this study. qualitative determination anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies serum was performed lateral flow immunoassay (Certum IgG/IgM Rapid Test™ cassette kit) and neutralizing also determined (GenScript cPass assay). Results. 36 reported history infection, 135 no COVID-19. In contrast, 49.6% (67/135) individuals had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection seropositive rapid antibody test, 48.1% (65/135) them antibodies. Conclusions. These results suggest adults, could be high percentage individuals, which contribute part slow current pandemic due large number cases contagious silent virus.

Language: Английский

---

The subdued post-boost spike-directed secondary IgG antibody response in Ugandan recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine has implications for local vaccination policies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

This study aimed to delineate longitudinal antibody responses the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine within Ugandan subset of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) demographic, filling a significant gap in global datasets. We enrolled 48 participants and collected 320 specimens over 12 months after primary vaccination dose. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, IgA concentrations (ng/ml) optical densities (ODs). Statistical analyses included box plots, diverging bar graphs, Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction. noted robust S-IgG response 14 days dose, which consistent data. There no surge levels booster contrasting trends other populations. The S-IgM transient predominantly below established thresholds for this population, reflects its typical early emergence rapid decline. S-IgA rose initial dose then decreased six months, aligning temporal patterns mucosal immunity. Eleven breakthrough infections were noted, all asymptomatic, regardless participants' serostatus, suggests protective effect from vaccination. elicited strong SSA demographic. dynamics distinctly differed data highlighting significance region-specific research necessity customised strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Minding the margins: Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 among Latinx and Black communities with optimal qualitative serological assessment tools

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. e0307568 - e0307568

Published: July 25, 2024

COVID-19 disproportionately affected minorities, while research barriers to engage underserved communities persist. Serological studies reveal infection and vaccination histories within these communities, however lack of consensus on downstream evaluation methods impede meta-analyses dampen the broader public health impact. To impact vaccine uptake among diverse develop rigorous serological methods, we engaged racial ethnic minorities in Massachusetts a cross-sectional study (April—July 2022), screened blood saliva for SARS-CoV-2 human endemic coronavirus (hCoV) antibodies by bead-based multiplex assay point-of-care (POC) test developed across-plate normalization classification boundary optimal qualitative assessments. Among 290 participants, 91.4% reported receiving at least one dose vaccine, 41.7% past infections, which was confirmed POC- multiplex-based IgG seroprevalences. We found significant differences antigen-specific IgA antibody outcomes indication cross-reactivity with hCoV OC43. Finally, 26.5% participants lingering symptoms, mostly middle-aged Latinas. Hence, prolonged symptoms were common our population require attention, despite high uptake. Saliva served as less-invasive sample-type IgG-based serosurveys needed be evaluated reliable serosurvey results. The use assessment will help standardize future beyond SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

---