Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Dec. 10, 2024
Throughout
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
emergence
of
new
viral
variants
has
challenged
public
health
efforts,
often
evading
antibody
responses
generated
by
infections
and
vaccinations.
This
immune
escape
led
to
waves
breakthrough
infections,
raising
questions
about
efficacy
durability
protection.
Here
we
focus
on
impact
SARS-CoV-2
Delta
Omicron
spike
mutations
ACE-2
receptor
binding,
protein
stability,
response
evasion.
had
3-5
times
higher
binding
affinities
than
ancestral
strain
(KD
Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 273 - 273
Published: April 18, 2024
Serological
assays
for
SARS-CoV-2
play
a
pivotal
role
in
the
definition
of
whether
patients
are
infected,
understanding
viral
epidemiology,
screening
convalescent
sera
therapeutic
and
prophylactic
purposes,
obtaining
better
immune
response
towards
virus.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
investigate
performance
bead-based
multiplex
assay.
This
assay
allowed
simultaneous
testing
IgG
antibodies
against
spike,
S1,
S2,
RBD,
nucleocapsid
moieties
S1
seasonal
coronaviruses
hCoV-22E,
hCoV-HKU1,
hCoV-NL63,
hCoV-OC43,
as
well
MERS
SARS-CoV.
We
compared
with
commercial
ELISA
tests.
tested
27
PCR-positive
individuals
who
were
previously
different
assays.
Additionally,
we
investigated
reproducibility
results
by
means
multiple
same
sera.
Finally,
correlated
neutralising
In
summary,
concordance
qualitative
ranged
between
78%
96%
depending
on
specific
antigen.
Repeated
freezing-thawing
cycles
resulted
reduced
mean
fluorescence
intensity,
while
storage
period
had
no
influence
respect.
our
test
cohort,
detected
up
36%
positive
development
antibodies,
which
is
ELISA.
Several
studies
have
investigated
the
antibody
response
to
SARS-CoV-2,
focusing
particularly
on
systemic
humoral
immune
and
production
of
immunoglobulin
G
(IgG)
antibodies.
IgA
antibodies
play
a
crucial
role
in
protecting
against
respiratory
viral
infections
but
also
been
associated
with
pathophysiology
COVID-19.
We
performed
prospective
study
169
COVID-19
patients
—
50
critical/severe
(ICU),
47
moderate
(Not-ICU),
72
asymptomatic
explore
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
found
that
early
strongly
induced
severe
disease
did
not
block
IgG
neutralization
functions
activated
FcRs
more
effectively
than
IgG.
However,
even
if
SIgA
levels
were
high,
mucosal
could
control
infection
disease.
Our
findings
highlight
complexity
exhibiting
high
strong
neutralizing
capacity
cases,
together
higher
IgA-FcR
activation
patients.
They
suggest
need
for
further
research
fully
understand
its
structural
alterations
tissues
cases
impact
these
progression.Funding:
Agence
Nationale
de
Recherche
(ANRS)
Resilience
COVIDIgS,
MSD
MUCOVID
la
sur
le
Maladies
Infectieuses
Emergentes
(ANRS
MiE).Declaration
Interest:
The
authors
declare
no
competing
interests.Ethical
Approval:
Written
informed
consent
participation
was
obtained
from
all
subjects,
ethics
approval
CPP
Ile
France
V
(NCT04648709).
Several
studies
have
investigated
the
antibody
response
to
SARS-CoV-2,
focusing
particularly
on
systemic
humoral
immune
and
production
of
immunoglobulin
G
(IgG)
antibodies.
IgA
antibodies
play
a
crucial
role
in
protecting
against
respiratory
viral
infections
but
also
been
associated
with
pathophysiology
COVID-19.
We
performed
prospective
study
169
COVID-19
patients
-
50
critical/severe
(ICU),
47
moderate
(Non-ICU),
72
asymptomatic
explore
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
found
that
early
strongly
induced
severe
disease
did
not
block
IgG
neutralization
functions
activated
FcRs
more
effectively
than
IgG.
However,
even
if
SIgA
levels
were
high,
mucosal
could
control
infection
disease.
Our
findings
highlight
complexity
exhibiting
high
strong
neutralizing
capacity
cases,
together
higher
IgA-FcR
activation
patients.
They
suggest
need
for
further
research
fully
understand
its
structural
alterations
tissues
cases
impact
these
progression.
The
total
and
SARS-CoV-2-specific
antibody
content
in
convalescent
plasma
(CP)
samples
from
Bulgarian
donors
their
therapeutic
potential
for
COVID-19
patients
was
subjected
to
characterization.
CPs
(n
=
90)
were
obtained
after
informed
consent
at
National
Centre
of
Transfusion
Hematology
Sofia,
Bulgaria,
the
period
01
June
2021
tested
RBD-IgG,
RBD-IgA
anti-nuclear
antibodies
(ANA)
by
semi-quantitative
ELISA.
Concentrations
IgG,
IgG
isotypes,
IgA,
IgM,
as
well
25
Th1,
Th2,
Th17
regulatory
cytokines
determined
all
samples;
concentrations
Neutralizing
against
six
SARS-CoV-2
variants
Receptor-Binding
Domain
(RBD-positive)
(Luminex
xMAP
technology).
Concordant
production
RBD-specific
IgA
detected
45
(50%);
12
(13.3%)
RBD-IgG
single-positive,
8
(8.8%)
(27.7%)
–
double
negative.
Absence
neutralizing
activity
documented
8/65
(12.3%)
RBD-positive
samples.
No
correlation
existed
between
levels
(p
>
0.05).
Total
IgM
Isotype
did
not
differ
reference
values.
Increased
IL-18,
IL-27,
IL-1Ra,
IL-21
IL-22
most
(80%
respectively).
comparison
RBD-double
positive
negative
showed
significant
differences
(2.4
vs
40,
p
<
0.05)
IL-10
(1
15,
0.001).
All
ANA
Detailed
characterization
specific
cytokine
might
improve
results
application
early
stage
treatment
resource-limited
settings.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Dec. 10, 2024
Throughout
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
emergence
of
new
viral
variants
has
challenged
public
health
efforts,
often
evading
antibody
responses
generated
by
infections
and
vaccinations.
This
immune
escape
led
to
waves
breakthrough
infections,
raising
questions
about
efficacy
durability
protection.
Here
we
focus
on
impact
SARS-CoV-2
Delta
Omicron
spike
mutations
ACE-2
receptor
binding,
protein
stability,
response
evasion.
had
3-5
times
higher
binding
affinities
than
ancestral
strain
(KD
