Evolving understanding of rumen methanogen ecophysiology

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Production of methane by methanogenic archaea, or methanogens, in the rumen ruminants is a thermodynamic necessity for microbial conversion feed to volatile fatty acids, which are essential nutrients animals. On other hand, greenhouse gas and its production causes energy loss animal. Accordingly, there ongoing efforts toward developing effective strategies mitigating emissions from ruminant livestock that require detailed understanding diversity ecophysiology methanogens. Rumen methanogens evolved free-living autotrophic ancestors through genome streamlining involving gene acquisition. The process yielded an oligotrophic lifestyle, metabolically efficient ecologically adapted descendants. This specialization poses serious challenges obtaining axenic cultures consequently, information on their physiological properties remains most part inferred those non-rumen representatives. review presents current knowledge metabolic contributions enteric production. It also identifies respective critical gaps need be filled aiding mitigate emission operations at same time increasing productivity this agriculture sector.

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics revealed the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microbiota and metabolites in yaks under house-feeding conditions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Yak (

Language: Английский

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Dietary and environmental factors affecting the dynamics of the gut bacteria in Tibetan Awang sheep (Ovis aries) across divergent breeding models

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Introduction Tibetan Awang sheep ( Ovis aries ), indigenous to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are highly adapted high-altitude environment. However, knowledge regarding their gut bacterial composition remains limited. Methods A comprehensive 16S rRNA highthroughput sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 15 under pure grazing, semi-captivity, and full captivity breeding models. Results Our results revealed that Firmicutes Bacteroidetes were most abundant phyla, while Christensenellaceae_R-7_group , Romboutsia Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group Ruminococcus Bacteroides prevalent genera in microbiota of sheep. Meanwhile, predominant presence with increasing altitude locations indirectly demonstrates its crucial role mediating energy acquisition among at high altitudes. Furthermore, PCoA ANOSIM analysis exhibited significant differences across all models r > 0.6, p < 0.001). significantly grazing model, more semi-captivity model. An abnormally abundance Acinetobacter indicated a potential risk infection fully captive group. The environmental association meadows diet R 2 = 0.938, Pr[>r] 0.001) 0.892, had effects dominant genera, explaining substantial proportion total variation community composition. Discussion study conditions impact underscores importance shaping present findings provide insights into dynamics offer guidance for scientific husbandry management.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Alpine Herbs on the Microbiota of In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Fermentation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 83 - 83

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Milk from cows grazing on alpine pastures has higher quality than milk indoor-fed cows, likely due to diet-driven differences in rumen microbiota. We assessed the effects of supplementing herbs—each varying its content fiber, protein, and polyphenol—on microbiota via vitro fermentation, comparing these a grass hay control using metagenomic sequencing. Fermentations with herbs compared had fibrolytic Prevotella lower abundances Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae, Anaerovibrio, Succiniclasticum, Desulfovibrio. high starch (Alchemilla vulgaris, Gallium odoratum Sanguisorba officinalis) low, microbial diversity, while fermentations structural fibre (Sisymbrium officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, Cicerbita alpina) diversity. C. alpina, Sa. officinalis, T. vulgare that lignin showed abundance Bacteroidetes Firmicutes. protein (G. vulgare) induced Lachnospiraceae. officinalis A. vulgaris polyphenols were associated increased Streptococcus family RF-16 BS11 alpina Si. Officinale Fibrobacter succinogenes. The beta diversity between corresponded contents lignin, plant material. In conclusion, different can promote various fibrinolytic bacteria change which potential increase feed efficiency robustness reduce methane production.

Language: Английский

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Effects of partial silage replacement with corn stover pellets on the rumen microbiota and serum metabolome of breeding cows

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Straw pellet ration replacing part of silage is great significance for farmers to save farming costs and solve the lack feed resources. A comprehensive analysis rumen microbial serum metabolite compositions conducted promote development modern breeding cows-feeding industry. In this study, 18 healthy 2-year-old Simmental cows weighing 550 ± 20 kg were selected randomly divided into two groups. They fed under same feeding conditions 70 days, which 8 in control (CON) group 65% roughage (100% silage) + 35% concentrate, 10 treatment (TRT) (50% corn stover pellets +50% milk quality, immunity indexes, metabolomes, fermentation parameters, Microorganisms. The results showed that there was no significant difference production performance between groups hay Corn (p < 0.05); Immunoglobulin (IgA) significantly higher TRT compared CON 0.05), G (IgG) M (IgM) > a total 92 differential metabolites screened out metabolomics analysis, among them, L-valine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-cysteine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan up-regulated; parameters pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content, Acetic/Propionic concentration Acetic, Propionic, butyric Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) lower than 0.05). Among microorganisms, dominant Thick-walled Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Prevotella Ruminalococcus. correlation Propionic TVFA positive with highly 0.01), propionic butyric, Bacteroides L-cysteine positively correlated Anaeroplasma 0.05) Eubaterium microbial-serum 0.01). metabolomic analyses provide us essential data support further scientific basis through pattern straw instead silage, will help future research.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota of Ruminants and Monogastric Livestock: An Overview

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 758 - 758

Published: March 6, 2025

The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are widely recognized as fundamental factors influencing well-being productivity domestic animals. Advancements in sequencing technologies have revolutionized studies this research field, allowing for deeper insights into functionality livestock. Ruminants monogastric animals exhibit distinct digestive systems characteristics: ruminants rely on fermentation, while monogastrics use enzymatic digestion, simpler stomach structures, except horses rabbits, where both processes coexist. Understanding microbiota's impact animal types is essential optimizing production efficiency promoting health. Following perspective, present manuscript review aims to provide a comprehensive overview (such cattle, sheep, goats) (including horses, pigs, chickens).

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Parasitic Lice in Tibetan Yaks, Pigs and Sheep

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 444 - 444

Published: March 12, 2025

The infestation of ectoparasites poses a severe problem in animal breeding, severely affecting health and causing substantial economic losses. However, limited information is available regarding lice infestations plateau livestock. To address this, we collected examined samples from Tibetan yaks, pigs sheep, amplifying the rrnS cox1 genes for evolutionary analysis. results revealed that prevalence was 51.3% (95% CI: 44.0–58.6%) sheep pigs, with regional ranging 7.7% to 67.5%. Morphometric analysis showed female were bigger than male lice. In females exhibited prominent longer body length (p < 0.05), belly 0.01) width ratio 0.05). had For larger 0.001), head 0.05) Additionally, molecular identification infesting wild domestic yaks Linognathus vituli 96.59–98.78% (wild yaks) 96.33–98.71% (yaks) similarity OL677823.1 isolate. Lice identified as africanus, showing 99.02–99.76% OP948898.1 Haematopinus apri, 96.38–98.31% ON000922.1 Moreover, gene 96.97–97.72% KC814616.1 It concluded these findings could provide valuable insights into prevention control lice-related diseases animals, enhancing mitigating

Language: Английский

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Enhanced propionate and butyrate metabolism in cecal microbiota contributes to cold-stress adaptation in sheep

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

During cold stress, gut microbes play crucial roles in orchestrating energy metabolism to enhance environmental adaptation. In sheep, hindgut ferment carbohydrates generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as an source. However, the mechanisms by which and their metabolites interact with host facilitate adaptation environments remain ambiguous. Herein, we simulated a winter environment (- 20 °C) provided rationed diet compare between Hulunbuir Hu sheep. Our findings show that exposure enhances SCFA sheep cecum. acetate, butyrate, total concentrations increased, whereas propionate butyrate notable increase SCFAs. Notably, concentration was higher than under stress. Following exposure, proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels increased both breeds. addition, showed IL-10, exhibited elevated secretory IgA levels. The cecal microbiota responded differently, no changes alpha beta diversity, considerable alterations. abundance of fungi, specifically Blastocystis sp. subtype 4, decreased, several Lachnospiraceae species (Roseburia hominis, Faecalicatena contorta, Ruminococcus gnavus) involved increased. Pathways related carbohydrate metabolism, such starch sucrose galactose pentose glucuronate interconversions, were upregulated. Treponema bryantii, Roseburia 499, Prevotella copri upregulation pathways amino acid metabolism. Cold node connectivity within symbiotic networks breeds, network vulnerability microbial community decrease influence stochastic processes on assembly, corresponding role selection. Conversely, shift evident Further transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct regulatory protein synthesis, thermogenesis substantially By contrast, immune conservation through reduced ribosome synthesis. Correlation indicated holds central position networks, exhibiting more complex tightly regulated involving SCFAs, microbiota, functions, transcriptomes. Partial least squares path modeling altered transcriptomes affecting SCFAs cytokines. this study suggest acetate fermentation rely tissue for exhibit diversity function, leading This may promote physiological innate defense, balancing heat loss enhancing

Language: Английский

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Ligularia virgaurea improved nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial composition in Tibetan sheep grazing on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau in winter

Animal Feed Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 299, P. 115628 - 115628

Published: March 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effects of adding Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast cultures to diet on rumen microbial flora of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries)

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect Allium mongolicum Regel powder (AMR) and yeast cultures (YC) on rumen microbial diversity in Tibetan sheep different Ecological niches. A total 40 male lambs with an initial weight 18.56 ± 1.49 kg (6 months old) were selected divided into four groups (10 sheep/pen; n = 10). In Control Group, each animal grazed for 8 h per day, Group I, supplemented 200 g concentrate II, 10 AMR III, 20 YC day. lasted 82 days consisted a 7-day per-feeding period 75-day formal period. results indicated that at phylum level, abundance Bacteroidota Verrucomimicrobiota L-Group II III increased, while Proteobacteria decreased LA (Liquid-Associated) groups. proportion F/B S-Group increased compared I S-CON SA (Soild-Associated) group. At genus uncultured_rumen_bacterium Eubacterium_ruminantium_group increased. Furthermore, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group LA, Prevotella S-CON. probable_genus_10 highest After addition AMR, there increase abundance, which found be beneficial stability flora had positive impact health.

Language: Английский

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