Role of carbohydrate-active enzymes in brown planthopper virulence and adaptability

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 4, 2025

Introduction Herbivorous insects, including the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, are among most damaging pests to agricultural crops worldwide, particularly rice. These insects employ a variety of strategies overcome plant defenses, secretion carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that degrade cell walls. While CAZymes well-studied in other insect species, their role BPH virulence remains largely unexplored. Methods This study aims address this gap by analyzing 182 genomes, followed detailed genomic and transcriptomic analysis BPH. Results We identified 644 BPH, related wall degradation. Through quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) subcellular localization experiments, we found 5 candidate genes exhibited increased expression during feeding on susceptible rice TN1, well-characterized highly these were localized plasma membrane. Our results suggest play critical insect's ability feed damage plants. Discussion provides valuable insights into molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation co-evolutionary process between plants herbivorous insects. By exploring function pest-related examining differential responses varieties with varying resistance aim contribute development targeted pest management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Fruit and Vegetable Waste for Biofuel Production: Advances and Scope for Future Development

eFood, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Extreme exploitation of petroleum fuels has raised concerns around global warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, which by the year 2040 are expected rise 43 billion metric tons. Biofuels have gained popularity in recent years because their renewable and environmentally friendly prospects. Second‐generation biodiesel is generated from nonedible raw materials such as food waste, suggested lesser negative impacts on environment does not threaten security. Edible fruit waste (7.65 kg/person) edible vegetable (16 highest contribution 38% waste. Annually, this corresponds 15.78 m 2 cropland usage, 1.358 kg CO equivalent, 232.87 g nitrogen 3810.6 L freshwater 38.544 phosphorus usage per person for agricultural production. FVW includes peels, seeds, crops, leaves, straw, stems, roots, or tubers. This can be utilized feedstock biofuel instead burning, dumping, landfilling, leads economic, environmental, health issues water‐borne diseases, respiratory lung diseases. Converting lignocellulosic mass into green energy including biogas, bioethanol, biohydrogen help management while also contributing carbon‐neutral model. Past studies shown potential using generation, jet fuels, general diesel engines. review focuses latest advances production technology, with an emphasis new pretreatments, technologies, works improve biomass.

Language: Английский

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Temporal transcriptomics provides insights into host‒pathogen interactions: a case study of Didymella pinodella and disease-resistant and disease-susceptible pea varieties

Crop Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Abstract Ascochyta blight is a fungal disease affecting peas, causing significant damage to the plant and reducing crop yield. Host‒pathogen interactions can inform prevention control strategies but remain poorly understood. Here, we generate near-chromosome-level assembly for Didymella pinodella HNA18, pathogenic fungus that causes pea ascochyta blight. Comparative genomic analysis of D. HNA18 seven publicly available genomes revealed genome encodes most conserved biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) similar number carbohydrate-activating enzyme (CAZyme) genes compared other species. Furthermore, by sequencing analyzing transcriptomic data disease-susceptible disease-resistant varieties during infection process, found mobilized set attack varieties, timing intensity these were different. For in response fungus, types defense genes, while used higher relative entire process. This study not only provides multiomic resources against its also deciphers mode interaction between defense.

Language: Английский

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Applications of High-Throughput Sequencing Chemistries in Decoding Pathogen Genomes

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Genome sequencing enables us to determine the complete sequence of DNA in an organism's genome (Cooper 2000). It has a rich history spanning several decades, with significant advancements techniques and technologies. plant pathogens been instrumental understanding their biology, evolution, mechanism pathogenicity (Jackson et al. 2011). The first widely used method for was Sanger sequencing, developed by Frederick his colleagues late 1970s, also known as chain termination (Hagemann 2015). relies on incorporation chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides during synthesis, resulting production fragments different lengths (Slatko 2018). By separating these based size using gel electrophoresis, can be determined. field started gain momentum later 1990s early 2000s (Li During this time, pioneering studies sequenced genomes important pathogens, such bacteria, fungi, viruses. These initial efforts provided insights into genetic makeup interactions host plants. progressed from labor-intensive approach highly efficient cost-effective next-generation technologies (Niedringhaus

Language: Английский

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Genomics-Assisted Approaches for Improving Biotic Stress Response in Pea

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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