The microbiota–gut–brain axis in Huntington's disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurogenerative disorder and typically characterized by progressive movement (including chorea), cognitive deficits (culminating in dementia), psychiatric abnormalities (the most common of which depression), peripheral symptoms gastrointestinal dysfunction). There are no approved disease‐modifying therapies available for HD, with death usually occurring approximately 10–25 years after onset, but some hold promising potential. HD subjects often burdened chronic diarrhea, constipation, esophageal gastric inflammation, susceptibility to diabetes. Our understanding the microbiota–gut–brain axis its infancy growing evidence from preclinical clinical studies suggests role gut microbial population imbalance (gut dysbiosis) pathophysiology. The brain can communicate through enteric nervous system, immune vagus nerve, microbiota‐derived‐metabolites including short‐chain fatty acids, bile branched‐chain amino acids. This review summarizes supporting demonstrating alterations bacterial fungal composition that may be associated HD. We focus on mechanisms dysbiosis compromise health, thus triggering neuroinflammatory responses, further highlight outcomes attempts modulate microbiota as therapeutic strategies Ultimately, we discuss dearth data need more longitudinal translational this nascent field. suggest future directions improve our association between microbes pathogenesis other ‘brain body disorders’.

Language: Английский

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Cancer and the Microbiome of the Human Body

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2790 - 2790

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Cancer remains a public health concern worldwide, with its incidence increasing worldwide and expected to continue growing during the next decades. The microbiome has emerged as central factor in human disease, demonstrating an intricate relationship between cancer. Although some microbiomes present within local tissues have been shown restrict cancer development, mainly by interacting cells or host immune system, microorganisms are harmful risk factors for development. This review summarizes recent evidence concerning of most common types (i.e., lung, head neck, breast, gastric, colorectal, prostate, cervix cancers), providing general overview future clinical approaches perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota dysbiosis impact on the immune system dysregulation in Huntington’s disease (HD)

International review of neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microbiome and Mucosal Immunity in the Intestinal Tract

In Vivo, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 17 - 24

Published: Dec. 31, 2024

The human bowel is exposed to numerous biotic and abiotic external noxious agents. Accordingly, the digestive tract frequently involved in malfunctions within organism. Together with commensal intestinal flora, it regulates immunological balance between inflammatory defense processes immune tolerance. Pathological changes this system often cause chronic diseases including Crohn's disease ulcerative colitis. This review article highlights complex interaction microorganisms, microbiome, epithelium-localized local system. main functions of microbiome include (i) protection against pathogenic microbial colonization, (ii) maintenance barrier function epithelium, (iii) degradation absorption nutrients (iv) active regulation immunity. consists primarily macrophages, antigen-presenting cells, natural killer cells. These cells regulate are turn regulated by signaling factors epithelial microbiome. Deregulated responses play an important role can lead both reduced activity pathologically increased harmful microorganisms. aspects have become focus attention recent years. It therefore consider immunological-microbial context diagnosis treatment diseases. A promising holistic approach would most comprehensive possible status patient, at time diagnostics during therapy.

Language: Английский

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Microbial biosynthesis of nucleos(t)ide analogs: applications, and engineering optimization

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Nucleos(t)ide analogs constitute a diverse group of compounds derived from nucleosides and nucleotides, playing crucial role in various biological processes. These exhibit wide range applications, including their use as additives, antiviral, anticancer agents, which makes them valuable food medical research. In this review, we will explore the applications nucleos(t)ide across different fields discuss latest advances engineering optimization strategies aimed at improving production efficiency tailoring properties for specific purposes. The article focuses on design microbial cell factories critical analogs. By leveraging biosynthesis pathways employing such metabolic engineering, researchers are optimizing synthesis This enhances both yield diversity analogs, leading to creation novel with enhanced bioactivity therapeutic potential. Consequently, these efforts driving significant advancements drug discovery biotechnology.

Language: Английский

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Microorganisms and Other Cancers

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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