“Cold” Somatostatin Analogs in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Decoding Mechanisms, Overcoming Resistance, and Shaping the Future of Therapy

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 245 - 245

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Background. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that pose significant therapeutic challenges due to their potential for progression, metastasis, and hormonal syndromes. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) have emerged as cornerstone in NEN treatment, offering both antisecretory antiproliferative effects by targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Despite proven efficacy, intrinsic acquired resistance mechanisms, including receptor downregulation, tumor heterogeneity, microenvironmental influences, limit long-term effectiveness. Recent advances, high-dose SSA regimens novel formulations, aimed optimize utility address these limitations. Body the review. This review explores cellular molecular mechanisms underlying antitumor SSAs, receptor-mediated signaling pathways, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, antiangiogenesis. The role SSAs combination therapies with mTOR inhibitors peptide radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is analyzed, emphasizing synergistic potential. Key clinical trials, such RADIANT-2, EVERLAR, NETTER-1, support efficacy approaches, demonstrating improved outcomes when are combined targeted agents or radiolabeled therapies. Emerging strategies include regimens, particularly progressive cases low Ki67 indices. Finally, oral octreotide, paltusotine, subcutaneous depot formulations like CAM2029, offer pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, patient adherence. Ongoing SORENTO, further evaluate safety profiles. Conclusions. paper provides comprehensive analysis SSAs. remain integral management NENs, providing effective stabilization symptom control. However, heterogeneity necessitate innovative strategies, next-generation formulations. Future research should focus on refining outcomes, enhance expand landscape NENs.

Language: Английский

Adrenal Gland Pathology Reporting Among Genitourinary Pathologists: An Orphan Field Handled by Foster Pathologists?

International Journal of Surgical Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 13, 2025

Due to their association with the kidney, adrenal glands are frequently resected by urologists and evaluated genitourinary (GU) pathologists. However, given growing complexity of pathology advent a dedicated "endocrine pathology" subspecialty, herein we sought assess sentiment regarding among GU One hundred twenty-eight pathologists who handle specimens participated in survey including both junior (40% < 10 years practice) experienced (60% > 11 practice), work academic (75%) or private practice settings (25%). Participants reported "on job" training (61%) and/or formal during fellowship (36%). While participants felt mainly "comfortable" (36%) "neutral" (29%) reporting specimens, some "uncomfortable" (15%) "very uncomfortable" (5%). Most that handled (56%) versus general surgical (26%) endocrine (22%; although only 30% having pathologists). when were asked they should be handling most strongly endorsed either (74%) (58%). For workplaces didn't have pathologist, main limitations insufficient number for position (53%; 81% an average ≤10 per month) qualified (46%). Although typically received from urology colleagues, many feel it may prudent consider them under rubric services as become more readily available.

Language: Английский

Parathyroid Carcinomas: A Series of 6 Cases and Literature Review

Ear Nose & Throat Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy. We report 6 cases of PCs operated on in our department, during period 12 years (2010-2021). All patients presented severe hyperparathyroidism, high calcium levels, and very elevated parathormone (PTH) rates. Five were between the fifth sixth decades life 1 patient was 37 old. The parathyroid gland only palpable case. underwent cervical ultrasound 5 them 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy. One bilateral masses. treated surgically: parathyroidectomy performed all cases. In patient, conjunction with homolateral loboisthmectomy, as diagnosis PC suspected preoperatively due to pulmonary metastases. final anatomopathological study revealed Follow-up uneventful lost follow-up. Clinicians should suspect hypercalcemia, extremely PTH large lesions, distant Complete surgical resection, extended thyroid lobe, remains recommended treatment.

Language: Английский