Mental Health During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review and Recommendations for Moving Forward

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

COVID-19 has infected millions of people and upended the lives most humans on planet. Researchers from across psychological sciences have sought to document investigate impact in myriad ways, causing an explosion research that is broad scope, varied methods, challenging consolidate. Because policy practice aimed at helping live healthier happier requires insight robust patterns evidence, this paper provides a rapid thorough summary high-quality studies available through early 2021 examining mental health consequences living pandemic. Our review evidence indicates anxiety, depression, distress increased months Meanwhile, suicide rates, life satisfaction, loneliness remained largely stable throughout first year In response these insights, we present seven recommendations (one urgent, two short-term, four ongoing) support during pandemic beyond.

Language: Английский

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Trajectories of depression and anxiety during enforced isolation due to COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of 36,520 adults in England

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 4, 2020

Abstract Background There is currently major concern about the impact of global COVID-19 outbreak on mental health. A number studies suggest that health deteriorated in many countries prior to and during enforced isolation (“lockdown”), but it remains unknown how has changed week by over course pandemic. Aims This study explored trajectories anxiety depression 20 weeks after lockdown was announced using data from England, compared growth individual characteristics. Methods Data 36,520 adults UCL COVID -19 Social Study (a well-stratified panel weighted population proportions collecting weekly pandemic) were analysed 23/03/2020-09/08/2020. Latent models fitted accounting for socio-demographic covariates. Results 22.6% sample had scores indicating moderate-severe anxiety, 25.1% depressive symptoms. Anxiety levels both declined across first following introduction England. The fastest decreases seen strict period, with symptoms plateauing as further easing measures introduced. Being female or younger, having lower educational attainment, income pre-existing conditions, living alone children all risk factors higher at start lockdown. Many these inequalities experiences reduced continued, differences still evident Conclusions As face potential future lockdowns, highest are early stages decline fairly rapidly individuals adapt circumstances. They also importance supporting lead-up being brought try reduce distress highlight emotionally vulnerable groups have remained throughout its aftermath. Research context Evidence before this representative cohort highlighted substantial pandemic depression, distress, showing increases average psychological well a rise proportion people experiencing clinically significant illness. But Added value finds Specific poorer identified. Implications available evidence: globally look longitudinally Overall, findings England known apparent lockdown, some experienced faster improvements symptoms, thereby reducing time. Nevertheless, did remain implications planning support waves virus.

Language: Английский

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A qualitative study about the mental health and wellbeing of older adults in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic

BMC Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 26, 2021

The objective of this study was to examine factors that threatened and protected the wellbeing older adults living in UK during social distancing restrictions due COVID-19 pandemic.Semi-structured telephone or video interviews with 20 aged over 70. Purposive sampling methods were used increase diversity within group. Transcripts analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Participants described potential threats their pandemic, including fears for mortality, grieving normal life, concerns future. Participants also activities behaviours helped protect mental health, adopting a slower pace maintaining routine, socialising, past coping skills. Many participants drew on resilience life experience self-manage fear uncertainty associated time lockdown reflect organise end-of-life affairs.This provides UK-based evidence while some experienced challenges first wave COVID-19, many resilient throughout despite early reported health consequences among adult population. Our findings highlight importance access essentials promote feelings normality use support help reduce times pandemics.

Language: Английский

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How have people been coping during the COVID-19 pandemic? Patterns and predictors of coping strategies amongst 26,016 UK adults

BMC Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 15, 2021

Abstract Background Individuals face increased psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it’s unknown whether choice of coping styles are influenced by in addition to known predictors. Methods Data from 26,016 UK adults UCL Social Study were analysed 12/4/2020 15/5/2020. Regression models used identify predictors (problem-focused, emotion-focused, avoidant, and socially-supported): model 1 included sociodemographic variables, 2 additionally psychosocial factors, 3 further experience specific adverse worries or events. Results Sociodemographic align with usual not occurring a even when controlling for wide range these previously adversities associated use strategies. Experience about finances, basic needs, events related Covid-19 strategies, while financial was problem-focused, emotion-focused avoidant coping. There no associations between experiencing challenges meeting but lower socially-supported Conclusions This paper demonstrates that there only demographic social pandemic, ways cope. Furthermore, this study identifies groups at risk more mechanisms which may be targeted supportive interventions.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Subjective Well-Being: Separating the Effects of Lockdowns from the Pandemic

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Background: Lockdowns reduce the spread of COVID-19 but there are concerns about their effect upon mental health. We assess this by examining subjective well-being during lockdown, carefully distinguishing lockdowns from that pandemic using weekly data. Methods: use data YouGov's Great Britain Mood Tracker Poll and reports Google Trends. The YouGov comprises a weekly, repeated cross sectional survey 1,890-2,071 respondents in Britain, representative age, gender, social class, education. It employs Profile State (POMS) battery Cantril's ladder life satisfaction scale to respondent's well-being. Trends enables relative popularity search terms be analysed. validate 'negative affect index' we employ whether other English-speaking countries experienced similar trends Britain. Time series models were estimated gauge on Findings: Our modelling suggests one-month period lockdown reduces negative around -9% pre-pandemic baseline, rising -17% when sample space is restricted following onset. results support hypothesis country-specific severity, not was major contributor increases observed studies Interpretation: response outbreaks improve overall.Funding Statement: No funding provided for production research.Declaration Interests: authors declare they have no conflict interest(s).

Language: Английский

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Examining temporal interactions between loneliness and depressive symptoms and the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties among UK residents during the COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal results from the COVID-19 psychological wellbeing study

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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What have we learned about positive changes experienced during COVID-19 lockdown? Evidence of the social patterning of change

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. e0244873 - e0244873

Published: Jan. 5, 2021

Background Multiple studies have highlighted the negative impact of COVID-19 and its particular effects on vulnerable sub-populations. Complementing this work, here, we report social patterning self-reported positive changes experienced during national lockdown in Scotland. Methods The CATALYST study collected data from 3342 adults Scotland weeks 9–12 a lockdown. Using cross-sectional design, participants completed an online questionnaire providing key sociodemographic health variables, measure change. change spanned diverse domains (e.g., more quality time with family, developing new hobbies, physical activity, better sleep). We used univariate analysis stepwise regression to examine contribution range factors age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status) explaining Results There were clear differences across scores. Those reporting higher levels female, younger age groups, married or living their partner, employed, health. Conclusion Overall our results highlight These findings begin illuminate complexity unanticipated will be support future intervention development work sharing lessons learned increase amongst those who may benefit.

Language: Английский

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Infection and transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 depend on heparan sulfate proteoglycans

The EMBO Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 40(20)

Published: Sept. 12, 2021

The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and outbreaks of new variants highlight the need for preventive treatments. Here, we identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans as attachment receptors SARS-CoV-2. Notably, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 isolated from COVID-19 patients interfered with binding to proteoglycans, which might be an additional mechanism neutralize infection. infection epithelial cells was blocked low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Although dendritic (DCs) mucosal Langerhans (LCs) were not infected SARS-CoV-2, both DC subsets efficiently captured via transmitted virus ACE2-positive cells. human primary nasal pre-treatment LMWH. These data strongly suggest that are important facilitating transmission, support use LMWH prophylaxis

Language: Английский

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When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections: evidence from a cross-sectional population-based survey in France

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 12, 2021

Abstract Background Significant differences in COVID-19 incidence by gender, class and race/ethnicity are recorded many countries the world. Lockdown measures, shown to be effective reducing number of new cases, may not have been same way for all, failing protect most vulnerable populations. This survey aims assess social inequalities trends infections following lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional conducted among general population France April 2020, during Ten thousand one hundred participants aged 18–64, from a national cohort who lived three metropolitan French regions affected first wave COVID-19. The main outcome was occurrence possible symptoms, defined as sudden onset cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days 15 before survey. We used multinomial regression models identify health factors related Results In 1304 (13.0%; 95% CI: 12.0–14.0%) reported cases effect lockdown on different across hierarchies. privileged individuals saw significant decline between period prior (from 8.8 4.3%, P = 0.0001) while less pronounced working (6.9% 5.5% lockdown, 0.03). differential remained after adjusting other including history chronic disease. odds being infected opposed increased 57% (OR 1.57; 1.00–2.48). true those engaged in-person professional activities 1.53; 1.03–2.29). Conclusions associated with infections, calling adoption preventive policies account living conditions. Such adoptions critical reduce COVID-19, working-class also highest mortality, due higher prevalence comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Income Differences and COVID-19: Impact on Daily Life and Mental Health

Population Health Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 384 - 391

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disproportionate suffering among vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged portions of the population. Low-income minority populations are likely to experience disparate disease mental health burdens. Currently, there is little evidence regarding how early months US outbreak differed by income level, that related symptoms. present study used data from a national sample adults (n = 5023) who completed measures COVID experience, Fear Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). Multivariable regression was performed determine whether level (low: <$45,000 vs high: ≥$75,000) significantly associated with measures, PHQ-8, GAD-7, fear scores. Among low-income group, had greater negative impact on: family income/employment, access food, treatment, stress discord in family. Participants group also odds PHQ-8 score ≥10 (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.77) GAD-7 (OR 1.65, CI 1.27, 2.14) compared those high-income group. Study findings suggest substantial differences impacted daily life between living households high-earning during pandemic.

Language: Английский

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