The cytokine storm and COVID‐19

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 93(1), P. 250 - 256

Published: June 27, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in Wuhan, China, December 2019, has caused a large global pandemic and poses serious threat to public health. More than 4 million cases of COVID-19, is by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been confirmed as 11 May 2020. SARS-CoV-2 highly pathogenic transmissible that primarily spreads through droplets close contact. A growing body clinical data suggests cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 severity also crucial cause death from COVID-19. In absence antivirals vaccines for there an urgent need understand Here, we reviewed current understanding features pathological features, pathophysiological mechanisms, treatments induced addition, suggest identification treatment are important components rescuing patients

Language: Английский

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The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 104799 - 104799

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 289, P. 198171 - 198171

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic blockade of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation: challenges and opportunities

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 822 - 830

Published: June 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and potential pathway-based therapeutic targets

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 112420 - 112420

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Deciphering the molecular downstream consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)- 2 infection is important for a greater understanding disease and treatment planning. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms diagnostic therapeutic strategies can help in development vaccines drugs against COVID-19. At present, SARS-CoV-2 host cells are not sufficiently comprehended. Some proposed considering existing similarities between other members β-CoVs, others explained based on studies advanced structure function SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we endeavored to map possible response following surveyed current research conducted by vitro, vivo human observations, as well suggestions. We addressed specific signaling events that cause cytokine storm demonstrated three forms cell death virus infection, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis. Given elicited pathways, introduced pathway-based targets; ADAM17 was especially highlighted one most elements several pathways involved immunopathogenesis also provided drug candidates these targets. Moreover, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway found cross-talk through pathway-pathway analysis infection.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic targets and interventional strategies in COVID-19: mechanisms and clinical studies

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Abstract Owing to the limitations of present efforts on drug discovery against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and lack understanding biological regulation mechanisms underlying COVID-19, alternative or novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 treatment are still urgently required. SARS-CoV-2 infection immunity dysfunction two main courses driving pathogenesis COVID-19. Both virus host factors potential antiviral therapy. Hence, in this study, current strategies have been classified into “target virus” host” categories. Repurposing drugs, emerging approaches, promising implementations above strategies. First, a comprehensive review highly acclaimed old drugs was performed according evidence-based medicine provide recommendations clinicians. Additionally, their unavailability fight analyzed. Next, profound analysis approaches conducted, particularly all licensed vaccines monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) enrolled clinical trials primary mutant strains. Furthermore, pros cons were compared from different perspectives. Finally, most reviewed, update progress treatments has summarized based these reviews.

Language: Английский

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Outcomes and biomarker analyses among patients with COVID-19 treated with interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist sarilumab at a single institution in Italy

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e001089 - e001089

Published: Aug. 1, 2020

Background The inflammatory pathology observed in severe COVID-19 disease caused by the 2019 novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized elevated serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines, including interferon gamma, interleukin 8 (IL-8), 6 (IL-6). Initial reports from outbreak Italy, China USA have provided anecdotal evidence improved outcomes with administration anti-IL-6 agents, large-scale trials evaluating these therapies are ongoing. Study description In this retrospective case series, clinical correlates response to treatment IL-6 receptor antagonist sarilumab described for 15 patients a single institution Southern Italy. Among 10 whose symptoms after treatment, rapid decreases CRP corresponded improvement. Lower at baseline as well lower neutrophil lymphocyte ratio compared did not improve were associated sarilumab-responsive disease. Conclusions This observation may reflect possible benefit regarding early intervention IL-6-modulatory that could be potential biomarker treatment.

Language: Английский

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GM-CSF Neutralization With Lenzilumab in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(11), P. 2382 - 2394

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial?

Cancers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 2237 - 2237

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently representing a global health threat especially for fragile individuals, such as cancer patients. It was demonstrated that patients have an increased risk of developing worse symptomatology upon severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, often leading to hospitalization and intensive care. consequences this pandemic oncology are really heavy, the entire healthcare system got reorganized. Both oncologists experiencing rescheduling treatments disruptions appointments with concurrent surge fear stress. In review all up-to-date findings, concerning association between COVID-19 cancer, reported. A remaining very debated question regards use innovative class anti-cancer molecules, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), given their modulating effects on system. For reason, administration ICIs represents mark during pandemic, its correlation COVID-19-associated risks still under investigation. Based mechanisms action current evidence, we suggest not only can be safely administered patients, but they might even beneficial in COVID-19-positive by exerting immune-stimulating action.

Language: Английский

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Tocilizumab in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19: a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter trial

Frontiers of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 486 - 494

Published: March 9, 2021

Tocilizumab has been reported to attenuate the "cytokine storm" in COVID-19 patients. We attempted verify effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab therapy identify patients most likely benefit from this treatment. conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label multicenter trial among The were randomly assigned 1:1 ratio receive either addition standard care or alone. cure rate, changes oxygen saturation interference, inflammation biomarkers observed. Thirty-three randomized group, 32 control group. rate group was higher than that but difference not statistically significant (94.12% vs. 87.10%, 95% CI–7.19%–21.23%, P = 0.4133). improvement hypoxia for day 4 onward 12 (P 0.0359). In moderate disease with bilateral pulmonary lesions, ameliorated earlier after treatment, less (1/12, 8.33%) needed an increase inhaled concentration compared controls (4/6, 66.67%; CI–99.17% to–17.50%, 0.0217). No severe adverse events occurred. More mild temporary recorded recipients (20/34, 58.82%) (4/31, 12.90%). can improve without unacceptable side effect profile influences on time virus load becomes negative. For lesions elevated IL-6 levels, could be recommended outcome.

Language: Английский

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