Breast cancer: pathogenesis and treatments

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Breast cancer, characterized by unique epidemiological patterns and significant heterogeneity, remains one of the leading causes malignancy-related deaths in women. The increasingly nuanced molecular subtypes breast cancer have enhanced comprehension precision treatment this disease. mechanisms tumorigenesis progression been central to scientific research, with investigations spanning various perspectives such as tumor stemness, intra-tumoral microbiota, circadian rhythms. Technological advancements, particularly those integrated artificial intelligence, significantly improved accuracy detection diagnosis. emergence novel therapeutic concepts drugs represents a paradigm shift towards personalized medicine. Evidence suggests that optimal diagnosis models tailored individual patient risk expected are crucial, supporting era oncology for cancer. Despite rapid advancements increasing emphasis on clinical comprehensive update summary panoramic knowledge related disease needed. In review, we provide thorough overview global status including its epidemiology, factors, pathophysiology, subtyping. Additionally, elaborate latest research into contributing progression, emerging strategies, long-term management. This review offers valuable insights Cancer Research, thereby facilitating future progress both basic application.

Language: Английский

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Injecting hope: the potential of intratumoral immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Despite enormous progress, advanced cancers are still one of the most serious medical problems in current society. Although various agents and therapeutic strategies with anticancer activity known used, they often fail to achieve satisfactory long-term patient outcomes survival. Recently, immunotherapy has shown success patients by harnessing important interactions between immune system cancer. However, many these therapies lead frequent side effects when administered systemically, prompting treatment modifications or discontinuation or, severe cases, fatalities. New approaches like intratumoral immunotherapy, characterized reduced effects, cost, systemic toxicity, offer promising prospects for future applications clinical oncology. In context locally metastatic cancer, combining diverse immunotherapeutic other targeting multiple cancer hallmarks appears crucial. Such combination hold promise improving survival promoting a sustained response. This review aims provide overview approaches, specifically focusing on administration drugs cancers. It also explores integration modalities maximize Additionally, summarizes recent advances discusses novel outlining directions field.

Language: Английский

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NAT10-mediated upregulation of GAS5 facilitates immune cell infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer via the MYBBP1A-p53/IRF1/type I interferon signaling axis

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 18, 2024

Abstract Interactions of tumor cells with immune in the microenvironment play an important role during malignancy progression. We previously identified that GAS5 inhibited development by suppressing proliferation non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we discovered a tumor-suppressing for cell-derived regulating microenvironment. positively coordinated infiltration macrophages and T NSCLC clinically, overexpression promoted recruitment both vitro vivo. Mechanistically, stabilized p53 directly binding to MYBBP1A facilitating MYBBP1A-p53 interaction, enhanced p53-mediated transcription IRF1, which activated type I interferon signaling increased production downstream CXCL10 CCL5. also found activation was associated better immunotherapy efficacy NSCLC. Furthermore, stability regulated NAT10, key enzyme responsible N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification, bound mediated its ac4C modification. Collectively, could activate via MYBBP1A-p53/IRF1 axis, promoting potentially correlating efficacy, suppressed Our results suggested as promising predictive marker potential therapeutic target combination therapy

Language: Английский

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Early Effects of Bronchoscopic Cryotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy: A Single-Center Prospective Study

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 201 - 201

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background/Objectives: Cryotherapy is used for local tissue destruction through rapid freeze–thaw cycles. It induces cancer cell necrosis followed by inflammation in the treated tumor microenvironment, and it stimulates systemic adaptive immunity. Combining cryotherapy with immunotherapy may provide a sustained immune response preventing T exhaustion. Methods: Fifty-five patients metastatic non-small lung who had received no prior treatment were randomized into two groups 1:1 ratio: bronchoscopic group or control group. Patients up to four cycles of pembrolizumab as monotherapy combination platinum-based chemotherapy. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), complications, size changes, overall rate (ORR), disease (DCR) evaluated. Results: Lung tumors, cryotherapy, demonstrated continuous reduction from baseline (22.4 cm2 vs. 14.4 10.2 cm2, p < 0.001). Similar changes observed pulmonary tumors (19.0 10.0 The median change between was not significant (−42.9% −27.7%, = 0.175). No differences ORR (28.6% 23.1%, 0.461) target lesion decrease (−24.0% −23.4%, 0.296) groups. However, DCR significantly higher (95.2% 73.1%, 0.049). cases serious bleeding during pneumothorax observed. Six (25.0%) eight (26.7%) experienced irAEs. Conclusions: Our study that combined without chemotherapy reduce progressive while maintaining satisfactory safety profile.

Language: Английский

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Resistance to Immunotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Unraveling Causes, Developing Effective Strategies, and Exploring Potential Breakthroughs

Drug Resistance Updates, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 101215 - 101215

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Potential role of lactylation in intrinsic immune pathways in lung cancer

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 17, 2025

Lung cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies, has seen its therapeutic strategies become a focal point significant scientific attention. Intrinsic immune signaling pathways play crucial roles in anti-tumor immunity but face clinical application challenges despite promising preclinical outcomes. Lactylation, an emerging research focus, may influences lung cancer progression by modulating functions histones and non-histone proteins. Recent findings have suggested that lactylation regulates key intrinsic molecules, including cGAS-STING, TLR, RIG-I, thereby impacting interferon expression. However, precise mechanisms which governs remain unclear. This review presents comprehensive systematic analysis relationship between emphasizes innovative perspective linking lactylation-mediated epigenetic modifications with regulation. By thoroughly examining current findings, this uncovers potential regulatory highlights implications targeting cancer. Future investigations into intricate interactions are anticipated to unveil novel targets strategies, potentially improving patient survival

Language: Английский

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Targeting immune checkpoints in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: toward combination strategies with curative potential

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 2, 2025

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer characterized by poor immune cell infiltration and strongly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Traditional treatments have often yielded unsatisfactory outcomes due to the insidious onset of disease. Encouragingly, introduction checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly transformed approach HCC treatment. Moreover, combining ICIs with other therapies or novel materials considered most promising opportunity in HCC, some these combinations already being evaluated large-scale clinical trials. Unfortunately, trials fail meet their endpoints, few successful ones also face challenges. This indicates that potential treatment remains underutilized, prompting reevaluation this therapy. Therefore, article provides review role checkpoints treatment, research progress combination application aiming open up avenues for development safer more efficient checkpoint-related strategies Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Cryoablation synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy induces an effective abscopal effect in murine model of cervical cancer

Translational Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 102175 - 102175

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Potential of Thermal Ablation Combined with Immunotherapy in Peripheral Lung Tumors: A Review and Prospect

Respiration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(6), P. 295 - 316

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Lung tumors are prevalent malignancies associated with a high mortality rate, imposing significant medical and societal burdens. Although immunotherapy shows promise in improving survival, response rates relatively modest. Thermal ablation can not only eliminate tumor cells directly but also enhance antitumor immunity response, thus manifesting remarkable propensity to synergize immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy of Sintilimab and Chemotherapy with Cryoablation in the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): a pilot study protocol for a single center, single arm, phase II study (Preprint)

Published: July 31, 2024

Immunotherapy has significantly advanced lung cancer treatment, particularly in nonsquamous non–small cell (NSCLC), with overall response rates between 50% and 60%. However, about 30% of patients only achieve a stable disease state. Cryoablation shown potential to enhance immunotherapy by modifying the tumor’s immune microenvironment through release antigens factors. Addressing how boost these is critical. This study aims investigate efficacy safety immunochemotherapy combination cryoablation as first-line treatment for NSCLC. phase II, pilot, open-label, single arm, center, interventional study. Patients stage IIIB IIIC or IV NSCLC T staging ranging from T1 T2b will receive sintilimab (200 mg/m² every 3 weeks) chemotherapy. After 2 cycles, feasibility be considered those multidisciplinary team. freeze-thaw cycles performed main lesion. The third cycle systemic therapy begin 7 (SD 3) days after cryoablation. A total 20 enrolled. Treatment continue until progresses, there unacceptable toxicity, participant withdraws consent, other discontinuation criteria are met, reaches completion. primary objective assess progression-free survival (PFS). secondary duration response, control rate, (OS), profile. exploratory compare factor changes at 1, 3, Survival time estimated using Kaplan-Meier method calculate median PFS OS. Any adverse events that occur during trial promptly recorded. project was funded 2024, enrollment completed 2025. first results expected submitted publication 2027. provide evidence Although it limited sample size, findings this used future inform design fully powered, 2-arm, larger-scale ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06483009; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06483009 PRR1-10.2196/64950

Language: Английский

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