An Overview of Ocean Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature, Ocean Heat Content, Ocean pH, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Thickness and Volume, Sea Level and Strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation)

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

Global ocean physical and chemical trends are reviewed updated using seven key climate change indicators: (i) Sea Surface Temperature, (ii) Ocean Heat Content, (iii) pH, (iv) Dissolved Oxygen concentration (v) Arctic Ice extent, thickness, volume (vi) Level (vii) the strength of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The globally averaged surface temperature shows a mean warming trend 0.062 ± 0.013°C per decade over last 120 years (1900–2019). During (2010–2019) rate has accelerated to 0.280 0.068°C decade, 4.5 times higher than long term mean. Content in upper 2,000 m linear 0.35 0.08 Wm –2 period 1955–2019 (65 years). during is twice (0.70 0.07 ) record. Each six decades have been warmer previous one. pH declined on average by approximately 0.1 units (from 8.2 8.1) since industrial revolution (1770). By end this century (2100) projected decline additionally 0.1–0.4 depending RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) future scenario. time emergence signal varies from 8 15 for open sites, 16–41 coastal sites. dissolved oxygen levels decreased 4.8 petamoles or 2% 5 decades, with profound impacts local basin scale habitats. Regional varying due multiple processes impacting oxygen: solubility change, respiration changes, circulation changes multidecadal variability. sea ice extent declining −13.1% summer (September) −2.6% winter (March) 4 (1979–2020). combined thickness indicate that non-seasonal 75% 1979. level increased 1993–2019 (the altimetry era) at 3.15 0.3 mm year –1 experiencing an acceleration ∼ 0.084 (0.06–0.10) . (1900–2015; 115y) global (GMSL) rised 19 cm, near 40% GMSL rise taken place 1993 (22y). Independent proxies evolution (AMOC) AMOC its weakest several hundreds slowing down century. A final visual summary indicators recent provided.

Language: Английский

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Upper environmental pCO2 drives sensitivity to ocean acidification in marine invertebrates

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 200 - 207

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Acid-base physiology and CO2 homeostasis: Regulation and compensation in response to elevated environmental CO2

Fish physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 69 - 132

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis reveals an extreme “decline effect” in the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e3001511 - e3001511

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Ocean acidification—decreasing oceanic pH resulting from the uptake of excess atmospheric CO 2 —has potential to affect marine life in future. Among possible consequences, a series studies on coral reef fish suggested that direct effects acidification behavior may be extreme and have broad ecological ramifications. Recent documenting lack effect experimental ocean behavior, however, call this prediction into question. Indeed, phenomenon decreasing sizes over time is not uncommon typically referred as “decline effect.” Here, we explore consistency robustness scientific evidence past decade regarding behavior. Using systematic review meta-analysis 91 empirically testing provide quantitative research date topic characterized by decline effect, where large initial all but disappeared subsequent decade. The field cannot explained 3 likely biological explanations, including increasing proportions examining (1) cold-water species; (2) nonolfactory-associated behaviors; (3) nonlarval stages. Furthermore, vast majority with tend low sample sizes, yet are published high-impact journals disproportionate influence terms citations. We contend has negligible impact advocate for improved approaches minimize future avenues research.

Language: Английский

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Swimming performance of marine fish larvae: review of a universal trait under ecological and environmental pressure

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 93 - 108

Published: Jan. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Rapid, but limited, zooplankton adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 780 - 786

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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Rising CO2 enhances hypoxia tolerance in a marine fish

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

Global environmental change is increasing hypoxia in aquatic ecosystems. During hypoxic events, bacterial respiration causes an increase carbon dioxide (CO2) while oxygen (O2) declines. This rarely accounted for when assessing tolerances of organisms. We investigated the impact environmentally realistic increases CO2 on responses to European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). conducted a critical (O2crit) test, common measure tolerance, using two treatments which O2 levels were reduced with constant ambient (~530 µatm), or reciprocal (rising ~2,500 µatm). also assessed blood acid-base chemistry and haemoglobin-O2 binding affinity conditions (~650 μatm) raised (~1770 levels. Sea exhibited greater tolerance (~20% O2crit), associated increased (~32% fall P50) red cells, exposed changes CO2. indicates that rising accompanies facilitates uptake by low conditions, enhancing tolerance. recommend impacts organisms are assessed, due consideration given

Language: Английский

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Ecological effects of elevated CO2 on marine and freshwater fishes: From individual to community effects

Fish physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 323 - 368

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Despite the long evolutionary history of this group, challenges brought by Anthropocene have been inflicting an extensive pressure over sharks and their relatives. Overexploitation has driving a worldwide decline in elasmobranch populations, rapid environmental change, triggered anthropogenic activities, may further test group's resilience. In context, we searched literature for peer-reviewed studies featuring sustained (>24 h) controlled exposure species to warming, acidification, and/or deoxygenation: three most pressing symptoms change ocean. standardized comparative framework, conducted array mixed-model meta-analyses (based on 368 control-treatment contrasts from 53 studies) evaluate effects these factors combination as experimental treatments. We compared across different attributes (lineages, climates, lifestyles, reproductive modes, life stages) assessed direction impact comprehensive set biological responses (survival, development, growth, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic oxygen transport, feeding, behavior, acid-base status, thermal tolerance, hypoxia cell stress). Based present findings, warming appears influential factor, with clear directional effects, namely decreasing development time increasing tolerance. While influence was pervasive attributes, acidification appear be more context-specific, no perceivable trends apart necessary achieve balance. Meanwhile, despite its potential steep impacts, deoxygenation neglected data paucity ultimately precluding sound conclusions. Likewise, implementation multi-factor treatments mostly restricted approximately matching those warming. considerable progress recent years, research regarding drivers elasmobranchs lags behind other taxa, required disentangle many observed effects. Given current levels extinction risk quick pace global it is crucial that integrate knowledge accumulated through scientific approaches into holistic perspective better understand how group fare changing

Language: Английский

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Advancing bioenergetics-based modeling to improve climate change projections of marine ecosystems

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 732, P. 193 - 221

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Climate change has rapidly altered marine ecosystems and is expected to continue push systems species beyond historical baselines into novel conditions. Projecting responses of organisms populations these environmental conditions often requires extrapolations observed conditions, challenging the predictive limits statistical modeling capabilities. Bioenergetics provides mechanistic basis for projecting climate effects on living resources in a long history development, been applied widely fish other taxa. We provide our perspective 4 opportunities that will advance ability bioenergetics-based models depict changes productivity distribution fishes organisms, leading more robust projections impacts. These are (1) improved depiction bioenergetics processes derive realistic individual-level response(s) complex (2) innovations scaling project at population food web levels, (3) coupling between spatial dynamics better represent local- regional-scale differences distributions (4) model validation ensure next generation can be used with known sufficient confidence. Our focus specific enable critical advancements position community make accurate individuals, populations, webs, ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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