Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(12)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances composition can contribute to the onset progression various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity diabetes) neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's Parkinson's). These are often accompanied by chronic inflammation dysregulated responses, which closely linked specific forms cell death, pyroptosis ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria trigger these death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics been found mitigate effects modulating responses. Despite insights, precise mechanisms influences diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on impact immune‐mediated inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps current research explores potential advanced technologies, organ‐on‐chip models microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, single‐bacterium omics spatial metabolomics, discussed their promise elucidating microbiota's disease development.

Language: Английский

Ginsenoside Rg3 Improved Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through Inhibiting ROS-Mediated Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11414 - 11414

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is marked by a progressive loss of central vision and the third leading cause irreversible blindness worldwide. The exact mechanisms driving progression this degenerative condition remain elusive, as now, there are no available preventative measures for dry AMD. According to ancient records, ginseng affects eyes brightening them enhancing wisdom. Modern pharmacological research shows that active ingredients in ginseng, ginsenosides, may be used prevent or improve eye diseases threaten vision. Some articles have reported ginsenoside Rg3 can treat diabetic retinopathy mice, but reports exist on its effects Therefore, role mechanism AMD warrant further study. This study aims investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. We established mouse model examine impact NaIO

Language: Английский