Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. 409 - 426

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical psychological science must assert a leadership role guiding national response this secondary crisis. In article, is conceptualized as unique, compounding, multidimensional stressor that will create vast need for intervention necessitate new paradigms service delivery training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by review of symptoms likely increase prevalence require innovative solutions both practice. Implications research directions, approaches, policy issues discussed highlight the opportunities emerge an updated, contemporary field capable addressing burden illness distress wake beyond. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Belonging: a review of conceptual issues, an integrative framework, and directions for future research

Australian Journal of Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 87 - 102

Published: Jan. 2, 2021

A sense of belonging-the subjective feeling deep connection with social groups, physical places, and individual collective experiences-is a fundamental human need that predicts numerous mental, physical, social, economic, behavioural outcomes. However, varying perspectives on how belonging should be conceptualised, assessed, cultivated has hampered much-needed progress this timely important topic. To address these critical issues, we conducted narrative review summarizes existing belonging, describes new integrative framework for understanding studying identifies several key avenues future research practice.We searched relevant databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ClinicalTrials.gov, articles describing instruments assessing interventions increasing belonging.By identifying the core components introduce understanding, assessing, cultivating focuses four interrelated components: competencies, opportunities, motivations, perceptions.This enhances our basic nature features provides foundation interdisciplinary belongingness, highlights robust may to improve health resilience individuals communities worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Ten Surprising Facts About Stressful Life Events and Disease Risk

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 577 - 597

Published: June 27, 2018

After over 70 years of research on the association between stressful life events and health, it is generally accepted that we have a good understanding role stressors in disease risk. In this review, highlight knowledge but also emphasize misunderstandings weaknesses literature with hope triggering further theoretical empirical development. We organize review somewhat provocative manner, each section focusing an important issue where feel there has been some misunderstanding evidence its implications. Issues address include definition event, characteristics diseases are impacted by events, differences effects chronic acute cumulative across course, for men women, resilience to methodological challenges literature.

Language: Английский

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The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress

Anxiety Stress & Coping, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 379 - 395

Published: Jan. 25, 2017

Prior research suggests that altering situation-specific evaluations of stress as challenging versus threatening can improve responses to stress. The aim the current study was explore whether cognitive, physiological and affective be altered independent by changing individuals' mindsets about nature in general.Using a 2 × design, we experimentally manipulated mindset using multi-media film clips orienting participants (N = 113) either enhancing or debilitating We also challenge threat providing positive negative feedback during social test.Results revealed under both evaluations, stress-is-enhancing produced sharper increases anabolic ("growth") hormones relative stress-is-debilitating mindset. Furthermore, when evaluated challenge, affect, heightened attentional bias towards stimuli, greater cognitive flexibility, whereas worse outcomes.These findings advance management theory practice demonstrating short manipulation designed generate

Language: Английский

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Compassion: From Its Evolution to a Psychotherapy

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

The concept, benefits and recommendations for the cultivation of compassion have been recognized in contemplative traditions thousands years. In last 30 years or so, study has revealed it to major physiological psychological effects influencing well-being, addressing mental health difficulties, promoting prosocial behavior. This paper outlines an evolution informed biopsychosocial, multicomponent model caring behavior its derivative "compassion" that underpins newer approaches psychotherapy. explores origins motives nature biopsychosocial functions caring-attachment These include providing a secure base (sources protection, validation, encouragement guidance) safe haven (source soothing comfort) offspring along with regulating functions, which are also central focused therapy. Second, suggests is way recent human cognitive competencies give rise different types "mind awareness" "knowing intentionality" transform basic into potentials compassion. While we can care our gardens treasured objects, concept only used sentient beings who "suffer." As psychotherapy addresses suffering, cultivating self others be focus

Language: Английский

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Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse populations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 104720 - 104720

Published: June 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Impact of war and forced displacement on children’s mental health—multilevel, needs-oriented, and trauma-informed approaches

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 845 - 853

Published: March 14, 2022

Abstract The infliction of war and military aggression upon children must be considered a violation their basic human rights can have persistent impact on physical mental health well-being, with long-term consequences for development. Given the recent events in Ukraine millions flight, this scoping policy editorial aims to help guide support young victims through an overview direct indirect burden child health. We highlight multilevel, need-oriented, trauma-informed approaches regaining sustaining outer inner security after exposure trauma war. is tremendous pervasive, multiple implications, including immediate stress-responses, increased risk specific disorders, distress from forced separation parents, fear personal family’s safety. Thus, experiences that endure during as consequence are harsh contrast developmental needs right grow up physically emotionally safe predictable environment. Mental psychosocial interventions war-affected should multileveled, specifically targeted towards child’s needs, trauma-informed, strength- resilience-oriented. Immediate supportive focus providing emotional resources care them regain both external safety security. Screening assessment indicated inform interventions. A growing body research demonstrates efficacy effectiveness evidence-based interventions, lower-threshold short-term group-based individualized psychotherapy. Obviously, supporting also entails enabling parents children, well post-migration infrastructures social environments foster Health systems Europe undertake concerted effort meet refugee directly exposed traumatized by those indirectly affected these events. current crisis necessitates political action collective engagement, together guidelines professionals how reduce harm either or its consequences.

Language: Английский

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Polyvagal Theory: A Science of Safety

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 10, 2022

Contemporary strategies for health and wellbeing fail our biological needs by not acknowledging that feelings of safety emerge from internal physiological states regulated the autonomic nervous system. The study has been an elusive construct historically dependent upon subjectivity. Acknowledging have a measurable underlying neurophysiological substrate would shift investigations subjective to objective science. Polyvagal Theory provides innovative scientific perspective incorporates understanding neuroanatomy neurophysiology. This identifies neural circuits downregulate regulation threat reactions functionally neutralize defensive via communicating cues enable support interpersonal accessibility homeostatic functions. Basically, when humans feel safe, their systems functions health, growth, restoration, while they simultaneously become accessible others without feeling or expressing vulnerability. Feelings reflect core fundamental process enabled survive through opportunistic features trusting social engagements co-regulatory capacities mitigate metabolically costly defense reactions. Through development phylogeny, we can extract foundational principles mechanisms which system leads opportunities co-regulate. Several highlight validity science implemented in societal institutions, ranging healthcare education, enhance sociality, lead greater productivity, creativity, sense wellbeing. By respecting need safe as imperative linked survival, respect phylogenetic heritage elevate sociality neuromodulator validation focus on promoting experience co-regulation.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences and psychological stress: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in China

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Abstract Background About 83,000 COVID-19 patients were confirmed in China up to May 2020. Amid the well-documented threats physical health, effects of this public health crisis - and varied efforts contain its spread have altered individuals’ “normal” daily functioning. These impacts on social, psychological, emotional well-being remain relatively unexplored – particular, ways which Chinese men women experience respond potential behavioral stressors. Our study investigated sex differences psychological stress, reactions, responses related among residents. Methods In late February (2020), an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated via WeChat, a popular social media platform China. The cross-sectional utilized non-probabilistic “snowball” or convenience sampling residents from various provinces regions Basic demographic characteristics (e.g., age gender) along with residential living arrangements conditions measured stress pandemic. Results Three thousand eighty-eight questionnaires returned: 1749 females (56.6%) 1339 males (43.4%). mean level,as by visual analog scale, 3.4 (SD = 2.4) but differed significantly sex. Besides sex, factors positively associated included: (< 45 years), employment (unsteady income, unemployed), risk infection (exposureto COVID-19, completed medical observation), difficulties encountered (diseases, work/study, financial, mental), behaviors (higher desire for knowledge, more time concerning outbreak). “Protective” included frequent contact colleagues, calmness mood comparing pre-pandemic, resilience. Males also adapting current living/working, conditions, responding run fever, needing support services. Conclusions self-reported pandemic age, employment, resilience coping styles. Future such may wish provide sex- and/or age-appropriate supports those at greatest experiencing stress.

Language: Английский

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Stress-induced biological aging: A review and guide for research priorities

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 104, P. 97 - 109

Published: June 1, 2022

Exposure to chronic adverse conditions, and the resultant activation of neurobiological response cascade, has been associated with an increased risk early onset age-related disease and, recently, older biological age. This body research led hypothesis that exposure stressful life experiences, when occurring repeatedly or over a prolonged period, may accelerate rate at which ages. The mechanisms through psychosocial stress influences distinct aging pathways alter rates likely involve multiple layers in physiological-molecular network. In this review, we integrate using animal, human, vitro models begin delineate impact aging, as well neuroendocrine mediators (i.e., norepinephrine, epinephrine, glucocorticoids) drive these effects. Findings highlight key connections between namely cellular metabolic activity, DNA damage, telomere length, senescence, inflammatory patterns. We conclude guiding framework conceptual model outlines most promising by conditions could point missing gaps knowledge where future best answer pressing questions.

Language: Английский

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