Compassion: From Its Evolution to a Psychotherapy

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

The concept, benefits and recommendations for the cultivation of compassion have been recognized in contemplative traditions thousands years. In last 30 years or so, study has revealed it to major physiological psychological effects influencing well-being, addressing mental health difficulties, promoting prosocial behavior. This paper outlines an evolution informed biopsychosocial, multicomponent model caring behavior its derivative "compassion" that underpins newer approaches psychotherapy. explores origins motives nature biopsychosocial functions caring-attachment These include providing a secure base (sources protection, validation, encouragement guidance) safe haven (source soothing comfort) offspring along with regulating functions, which are also central focused therapy. Second, suggests is way recent human cognitive competencies give rise different types "mind awareness" "knowing intentionality" transform basic into potentials compassion. While we can care our gardens treasured objects, concept only used sentient beings who "suffer." As psychotherapy addresses suffering, cultivating self others be focus

Language: Английский

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Navigating the Social Environment in Adolescence: The Role of Social Brain Development

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(2), P. 109 - 118

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Borderline personality disorder

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 398(10310), P. 1528 - 1540

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Development and validation of a self-report measure of epistemic trust

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. e0250264 - e0250264

Published: April 16, 2021

Epistemic trust (ET) refers to in communicated knowledge. This paper describes the development and validation of a new self-report questionnaire, Trust, Mistrust Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ). We report on two studies (Study 1, n = 500; Study 2, 705) examining psychometric properties ETMCQ relationship between EMTCQ scores (i.e., an individual’s epistemic stance) exposure adverse childhood experiences, mental health symptoms, attachment, mentalizing general self-efficacy. The factor structure was examined using Exploratory Confirmatory Factor Analyses, its reliability test-retest were tested. Both yielded three correlated yet distinct factors–Trust, Credulity–and confirmed validity ETMCQ. Preregistered hypotheses replicated across both studies. Main findings suggest intriguing links developmental psychopathology constructs are consistent with thinking role stance undermining adaptation increasing risk problems. associated adversity higher global severity index factors partially mediated link early symptoms. positively difficulties understanding states insecure attachment styles. Post-hoc analysis identified that different styles differences stance. In addition, Trust not reduced levels symptoms did moderate impact adversity–findings congruent suggestion reduction mistrust credulity may be crucial common promoting resilience effectiveness psychotherapeutic interventions. investigation provide empirical measure what until now has been largely theoretical concept open avenues for future research.

Language: Английский

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Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 4 - 25

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was introduced in the DSM‐III 1980. From to DSM‐5, no major changes have occurred its defining criteria. The is characterized by instability of self‐image, interpersonal relationships and affects. Further symptoms include impulsivity, intense anger, feelings emptiness, strong abandonment fears, suicidal or self‐mutilation behavior, transient stress‐related paranoid ideation severe dissociative symptoms. There evidence that BPD can be reliably diagnosed differentiated from other mental disorders semi‐structured interviews. associated with considerable functional impairment, intensive treatment utilization, high societal costs. risk suicide high. In general adult population, lifetime prevalence has been reported 0.7 2.7%, while about 12% outpatient 22% inpatient psychiatric services. significantly disorders, including depressive substance use post‐traumatic stress disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity bipolar bulimia nervosa, disorders. convincing suggest interaction between genetic factors adverse childhood experiences plays a central role etiology BPD. spite research, neurobiological underpinnings remain clarified. Psychotherapy choice for Various approaches empirically supported randomized controlled trials, dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization‐based transference‐focused schema therapy. No approach proved superior others. Compared as usual, psychotherapy more efficacious, effect sizes 0.50 0.65 regard core symptom severity. However, almost half patients do not respond sufficiently psychotherapy, further research this area warranted. It clear whether some may benefit one psychotherapeutic than available consistently showing any psychoactive medication efficacious features For discrete comorbid anxiety psychotic‐like features, pharmacotherapy useful. Early diagnosis reduce individual suffering high‐quality studies are required, both adolescents adults. This review provides comprehensive update clinical characterization, factors, neurobiology, cognition, management. also discusses current controversies concerning highlights areas which needed.

Language: Английский

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Capacity of Generative AI to Interpret Human Emotions From Visual and Textual Data: Pilot Evaluation Study

JMIR Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e54369 - e54369

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Mentalization, which is integral to human cognitive processes, pertains the interpretation of one's own and others' mental states, including emotions, beliefs, intentions. With advent artificial intelligence (AI) prominence large language models in health applications, questions persist about their aptitude emotional comprehension. The prior iteration model from OpenAI, ChatGPT-3.5, demonstrated an advanced capacity interpret emotions textual data, surpassing benchmarks. Given introduction ChatGPT-4, with its enhanced visual processing capabilities, considering Google Bard's existing functionalities, a rigorous assessment proficiency mentalizing warranted.

Language: Английский

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The compassionate vagus: A meta-analysis on the connection between compassion and heart rate variability

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 21 - 30

Published: June 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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How does level of personality functioning inform clinical management and treatment? Implications for ICD-11 classification of personality disorder severity

Current Opinion in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 54 - 63

Published: Nov. 25, 2020

The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition (ICD-11) classifies personality disturbance according to levels severity. This article reviews the literature on functioning in relation clinical management and treatment, proposes how these findings apply ICD-11 classification disorders.Findings were primarily derived from studies using Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, 5th (DSM-5) Level Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS), Kernberg's Organization, general P-factor disorder. Severity dysfunction is related treatment outcome, risk dropout, therapeutic alliance, readiness for harm self or others, dissociation psychotic-like breaks, coherence narrative identity, reflective functioning, epistemic trust.The overall level disorder severity indicates negative outcomes may be used as decision tool 'personalized medicine' required intensity (e.g., strength alliance need establishing trust). Beyond guidelines determining severity, implications also practitioners comparable frameworks such DSM-5 LPFS Organization. Future research should focus interaction with trait qualifiers management.

Language: Английский

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Culture and psychopathology: An attempt at reconsidering the role of social learning

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 1205 - 1220

Published: March 26, 2021

Abstract This paper proposes a model for developmental psychopathology that is informed by recent research suggestive of single mental health disorder (the p factor) and seeks to integrate the role wider social cultural environment into our model, which has previously been more narrowly focused on immediate caregiving context. Informed recently emerging thinking culturally driven nature human cognitive development, ways in humans are primed learn communicate culture, mentalizing perspective highly intersubjective capacity affect regulation functioning, we set out cultural-developmental approach psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Evaluation of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ)

Journal of Personality Assessment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 104(5), P. 613 - 627

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) is an 8-item self-report measure of reflective functioning that presumed to capture individual differences in hypo- and hypermentalizing. Despite its broad acceptance by the field, we argue validity not well-established. current research elaborates on problems RFQ related item content, scoring procedure, dimensionality, associations with psychopathology. We tested these considerations across three large clinical non-clinical samples from Germany US (total N = 2289). In a first study, found may assess single latent dimension hypomentalizing but rather unlikely maladaptive forms Moreover, exhibited very strong measures personality pathology, while symptom distress were less strong. second preregistered study focused convergent discriminant validity, however, commonality analysis indicated indicators pathology are inflated because some items tap into emotional lability impulsivity than mentalizing. Our findings demonstrate limitations RFQ. discuss key challenges assessing mentalizing via self-report.

Language: Английский

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