Disparities by Social Determinants of Health: Links Between Long COVID and Cardiovascular Disease

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(6), P. 1123 - 1134

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Long COVID has been defined by World Health Organization as "continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these lasting for at least 2 no other explanation". Cardiovascular disease is implicated a risk factor, concomitant condition and consequence COVID. As well heterogeneity in definition, presentation likely underlying pathophysiology COVID, disparities social determinants health, extensively studied described cardiovascular disease, have observed three ways. First, long-term conditions, such its factors, are associated incidence severity previously socioeconomic factors important exacerbating Second, management COVID-19 may themselves lead to distal Third, there way that diagnosed, managed prevented. Together, age, sex, deprivation ethnicity far-reaching implications this post-viral syndrome across spectrum. There similarities differences compared disease. Some fact, inequalities, i.e. rather than simply variations, they represent injustices costs individuals, communities economies. In review current literature, I consider opportunities prevent, least, attenuate special challenges research, clinical practice, public health policy which evolving.

Language: Английский

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Risk Factors of Violence During First-Episode Psychosis

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Most people with a psychotic illness will never be violent; however, it is widely known that violence more prevalent in this group compared to the general community, particularly during first-episode psychosis (FEP). Despite this, there limited research into what contributes increased risk FEP. The present systematic review aimed identify whether certain factors are differentially associated severity and timing of perpetration following databases were used studies, up March 8, 2024: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest. A total 15 studies included. Male gender, non-white ethnicity, history violence, higher psychopathology, recent substance use significantly any regardless time at which was committed. Serious not factors. Higher psychopathology committed before presentation services, while male gender perpetrated service entry. Only unemployment after treatment. Based on our results, appear vary according violence. These also overlap those found correlated psychosis. Past range studied further work needed understand correlates who have experienced FEP inform treatment options.

Language: Английский

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Psychotherapy and Psychosis

Psychiatric Annals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Psychosis, characterized by positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions negative like flat affect anhedonia, impacts 3% of the population, profoundly affecting functioning quality life. Recent advances in psychiatry have integrated psychotherapy into patient-centered care for psychosis, complementing medication management. Cognitive-behavioral therapy psychosis (CBTp) its variations, alongside family psychoeducation social-skills training, represent evidence-based interventions aimed at reducing psychosis-related distress improving functionality. Challenges substance use, cultural barriers, comorbidities necessitate specialized, approaches. This article reviews psychotherapeutic interventions, techniques reality testing cognitive restructuring, adaptations special populations, including minorities, transgender individuals, older adults. Despite progress, disparities treatment access research gaps persist, particularly children adolescents. Addressing these barriers refining culturally contextually sensitive is crucial optimizing outcomes individuals with psychosis. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2025;55(1):e14–e18.]

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood ethnoracial diversity and positive psychotic symptoms among youth at high-risk and healthy comparisons

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 342, P. 116222 - 116222

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Biological Insights from Schizophrenia-associated Loci in Ancestral Populations

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

ABSTRACT Large-scale genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia have uncovered hundreds associated loci but with extremely limited representation African diaspora populations. We surveyed electronic health records 200,000 individuals ancestry in the Million Veteran and All Us Research Programs, and, coupled genotype-level data from four case-control studies, realized a combined sample size 13,012 affected 54,266 unaffected persons. Three significant signals — near PLXNA4 , PMAIP1 TRPA1 are first to be independently identified populations predominantly ancestry. Joint analyses African, European, East Asian ancestries across 86,981 cases 303,771 controls, yielded 376 distinct autosomal loci, which were refined 708 putatively causal variants via multi-ancestry fine-mapping. Utilizing single-cell functional genomic human brain tissue two complementary approaches, transcriptome-wide enhancer-promoter contact mapping, we consensus set 94 genes pinpointed specific cell types they act. reproducible associations polygenic risk scores diagnoses range other mental physical problems. Our study addresses longstanding gap generalizability research findings for ancestral populations, underlining shared biological underpinnings global presence broadly divergent allele frequencies.

Language: Английский

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Schizotypal dimensions by migrant status in the general population: An exploratory study

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 208 - 216

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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An intersectional examination of the relationship between racial/ethnic discrimination and psychotic-like experiences: the role of other psychiatric symptoms

European Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 68(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Racial and ethnic experiences of discrimination (EODs) are associated with numerous psychiatric symptoms, including outcomes along the psychosis spectrum; however, less is known about mechanisms by which EODs confer risk for psychotic-like (PLEs; common subthreshold psychotic symptoms). Furthermore, work on gendered racism asserts that intersection race gender impacts nature experienced and, in turn, may impact relationship between PLEs. To utilize an intersectional lens (race gender) to examine whether psychological correlates (post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, dissociation) mediate EOD-PLE relationship. Undergraduates at a diverse, semipublic university (N = 1,759) completed self-report questionnaires (Experiences Discrimination Scale, Prodromal Questionnaire, Center Epidemiologic Studies Depression State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version). Analyses stratified sample (non-Hispanic White, Black, Asian) examined three multiple mediation models, moderated gender, examining pathway from PLEs, through other symptoms. In full sample, all symptoms significantly mediated Only depression varied such indirect effect was only significant female participants (β 0.09; 95% CI [0.02, 0.16]). Across race-stratified groups, mediators both gender. These findings underscore importance accounting intersectionality understanding associations, differ ethnicity as well should be considered clinical treatment individuals PLEs history EODs.

Language: Английский

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Psychosis in Neurocognitive Disorder Among Ethnoculturally Diverse Older Persons

Neurology Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: April 25, 2025

There is longstanding evidence that the presence of psychosis in neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) associated with faster cognitive and functional decline. The goal this study was to examine how clinician-diagnosed differs among ethnoracial groups NCDs (including early onset) explore whether these differences exist even for those without advanced dementia. This an IRB-approved retrospective analysis. Data are from National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Dataset 42 Disease Research Centers. Participants aged 40-95 years as June 2023 mild impairment (MCI) or dementia on baseline evaluation were included. Psychosis defined visual auditory hallucinations delusions manifesting at time evaluation. Ethnoracial self-reported. Associations between estimated using adjusted multivariable logistic regression dichotomous measures outcomes. Covariates included age, sex, education, severity (Clinical Dementia Rating scale), absence any self-reported preexisting psychiatric illness. An analysis by age younger than 65 also conducted. Exploratory analyses performed participants milder stages 0.5 1) subset diagnosed MCI. A total 22,854 mean 73 + 9.7 years, 50% women. 8,352 (37%) had MCI 14,502 (63%) In analysis, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) (OR 2.70, 1.75-4.17, p < 0.0001), Black-Latino 2.33, 1.25-4.35, = 0.0076), Other-Latino 1.82, 1.42-2.33, Black, non-Latino (NL) 1.66,1.47-1.87, White-Latino 1.42, 1.21-1.67, 0.0001) greater odds psychotic symptom White-NL participants. For 40 only Black-NL 1.56, 1.13-2.14, 0.0064) more likely be symptoms. dementia, 3.44, 1.58-7.48, 0.0018), AI/AN 2.73, 1.66-4.48, 2.38, 1.72-3.30, 2.08,1.77-2.45, 1.55, 1.23-1.95, 0.0002) when compared alone, there no significant differences. Black-NL, Latino, individuals More research needed sociocultural, psychosocial, neuropathologic factors involved.

Language: Английский

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Online racism and psychotic experiences among Black American and Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander American emerging adults in the United States

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 132 - 137

Published: May 6, 2025

Racially and ethnically minoritized emerging adults in the United States have a higher prevalence of psychotic experiences when compared to their White peers. Racism gives rise social stressors, including ethno-racial discrimination, which can increase risk for experiences. is ever-shapeshifting into new forms racism, online yet little research has examined its associations with We used Qualtrics panels recruit adults, Black (N = 1200) Asian American/Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian 1600). Using multivariable logistic regression, we association between racism (Online Scale - Very Brief) (reporting at least one experience using WHO CIDI psychosis screen), controlling sociodemographic characteristics, everyday internet usage, mental health. Approximately 42 % sample reported lifetime experience. In regression models, one-unit on scale was associated 13 odds having This attenuated slightly after adjusting characteristics further total depression anxiety. After accounting all covariates, 5 Online more common than in-person people color use media platforms high rates, where they inevitably face various types racism. pervasive, often anonymous, unmoderated, these exposures are greater

Language: Английский

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Understanding Community-Level Determinants and Navigating Care for Psychosis: The Experiences of Black Service Users and Their Family Members

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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