Empirically-informed guidelines for first-time adult ADHD diagnosis

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 340 - 351

Published: April 21, 2021

Introduction Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prone to misdiagnosis because its symptoms are subjective, share features with a broad range of mental, behavioral and physical disorders, express themselves heterogeneously. Furthermore, Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for adult ADHD diagnosis remain underdeveloped, prompting need systematic empirically-informed guidelines.Method This article presents brief history research on reviews common sources false positive negative diagnoses. A systematic, stepped diagnostic procedure described that adheres DSM guidelines integrates the latest science assessment diagnosis.Results Seven steps recommended: structured interview patient, collection informant ratings, casting wide net using "or rule" integrate reports, providing checks balances by enforcing impairment criterion, chronicling symptom timeline, ruling out alternative explanations symptoms, finalizing diagnosis.Conclusions Based extant research, it expected will increase detection malingering, improve accuracy, detect non-ADHD cases subclinical difficulties or pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 92(6), P. 1507 - 1519

Published: March 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 581 - 606

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental influenced by both genetic environmental factors, typically identified in the school-age years but hypothesized to have developmental origins beginning utero. To improve current strategies for prediction, prevention treatment, central challenge delineate how, at molecular level, influences jointly shape ADHD risk, phenotypic presentation, course. Epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation, emerged promising system search biomarkers mechanisms address this challenge. In Current Opinion, we discuss relevance of epigenetics (specifically methylation) research clinical practice, starting with state knowledge, what challenges yet overcome, future may hold terms methylation-based applications personalized medicine ADHD. We conclude field still its infancy, potential transformative translational remains distant goal. Nevertheless, rapid methodological advances, together rise collaborative science increased availability high-quality, longitudinal data make thriving area contribute development new tools improved management, treatment

Language: Английский

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Treatment biomarkers for ADHD: Taking stock and moving forward

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Abstract The development of treatment biomarkers for psychiatric disorders has been challenging, particularly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Promising findings are also rarely translated into clinical practice, especially with regard to decisions and novel treatments. Despite this slow progress, the available neuroimaging, electrophysiological (EEG) genetic literature provides a solid foundation biomarker discovery. This article gives an updated review promising ADHD which may enhance personalized medicine development. points pre-treatment profiles predicting efficacy various pharmacological non-pharmacological treatments ADHD. These candidate predictive biomarkers, those based on low-cost non-invasive EEG assessments, show promise future stratification patients specific Studies repeated assessments further that different produce distinct changes in brain profiles, track treatment-related improvements. monitoring/response aid monitoring effects point mechanistic targets treatments, neurotherapies. Nevertheless, existing research does not support any immediate applications Key barriers paucity replications external validations, use small homogeneous samples predominantly White children, practical limitations, including cost technical requirements their unknown feasibility acceptability people We conclude discussion directions methodological promote translation diverse groups individuals

Language: Английский

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Eye movement behavior in a real-world virtual reality task reveals ADHD in children

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Eye movements and other rich data obtained in virtual reality (VR) environments resembling situations where symptoms are manifested could help the objective detection of various clinical conditions. In present study, 37 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 36 typically developing controls (9-13 y.o) played a lifelike prospective memory game using head-mounted display inbuilt 90 Hz eye tracker. movement patterns had prominent group differences, but they were dispersed across full performance time rather than associated specific events or stimulus features. A support vector machine classifier trained on showed excellent discrimination ability 0.92 area under curve, which was significantly higher for task measures visual search task. We demonstrated that naturalistic VR combined tracking allows accurate prediction deficits, paving way precision diagnostics.

Language: Английский

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Delineating early developmental pathways to ADHD: Setting an international research agenda

JCPP Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, impairing, and highly heritable condition typically diagnosed in middle childhood. However, it now recognized that symptoms emerge much earlier development. Research focused on understanding-using multiple units of analysis-the cascade early-life (i.e., prenatal-infant-toddler) developmental changes will later as ADHD has the potential to transform early identification, prevention, intervention. To this end, we introduce recently established Early Consortium, an international network investigators engaged prospective, longitudinal studies risk for beginning life, conducted within framework, which incorporate multimethod approaches. This seeks harmonize measures methodological approaches increase data sharing subsequent impact.

Language: Английский

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Research Review: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of infant and toddler temperament as predictors of childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(5), P. 715 - 735

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Background Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental with onset as early preschool and impairment across the lifespan. Temperament factors, specifically those that theoretically map onto ADHD symptoms, may be markers of risk for developing later childhood could identifiable in infancy or toddlerhood. This meta‐analysis examined associations between these temperamental factors symptoms diagnosis mapped temperament constructs three symptom dimensions. Methods A systemic review literature was conducted to identify prospective longitudinal studies included relevant (sustained attention, activity level, inhibition, negative emotionality) from birth 36 months old (symptoms diagnosis) childhood. The association each construct outcomes using pooled standardized estimates meta‐analyses. Results Forty‐eight articles ( n = 112,716 infants/toddlers) prospectively relation diagnosis. Activity level k 18) toddlerhood moderately associated r .39, CI 0.27, 0.51, p < .001). Moderate effect sizes were also observed sustained attention 9; −.28, −0.42, −0.12, .001) emotionality 33; .25, 0.16, 0.34, ADHD. specificity dimensions such predictive all (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, combined), whereas only combined symptoms. Conclusions Infant toddler an factor development utilized intervention identification. Yet, this systematic found relatively few have 9) inhibition 15) highlighting need further research.

Language: Английский

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The utility of multiple assessments in infancy and toddlerhood to predict middle childhood ADHD symptoms: Temperamental, behavioral, and genetic contributions

Infant Behavior and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 102025 - 102025

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Primer Consenso Argentino sobre el manejo del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad en la adultez. Primera parte: introducción, metodología de trabajo y generalidades

Vertex Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(166), P. 56 - 84

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) ha sido tradicionalmente concebido como una condición privativa la infancia. Sin embargo, creciente evidencia sugiere que el TDAH persiste en vida adulta, manifestándose diversas maneras. A pesar su prevalencia y las significativas consecuencias cotidiana, adultos considerablemente subestimado subdiagnosticado, lo resulta carga sustancial tanto para los individuos afectados entorno familiar social. Esta revisión exhaustiva se propone explorar complejidad del adultez aborda etiología, definición presentación clínica, factores riesgo, comorbilidades más frecuentes, métodos evaluación aspectos neuropsicológicos, así enfoques farmacoterapéuticos no tratamiento. Además, examinan implicaciones diagnóstico tratamiento, destacando importancia comprensión integral esta condición. través este documento, Asociación Argentina Psiquiatría Biológica (AAPB) aspira solo a recopilar analizar sobre adultos, sino también proporcionar guía útil profesionales salud tratan patología. Así, objetivo final artículo es contribuir al desarrollo estrategias efectivas manejo TDAH, mejorar modo calidad pacientes.

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Reduced Theta Inter‐Trial Phase Coherence in Error Processing: A Marker of Neural Dysfunction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Cognitive control deficits and increased intra‐subject variability have been well established as core characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a growing interest in their expression at the neural level. We aimed to study ADHD, reflected theta inter‐trial phase coherence (ITC) during error processing, process that involves cognitive control. examined both traditional event‐related potential (ERP) measures processing (i.e., error‐related negativity [ERN] error‐positivity [Pe]) ITC within prospective longitudinal children familial risk for ADHD. The participants were 63 male adolescents who followed since birth. At age 17 years old, they performed stop‐signal task (SST) while an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording was continuously carried out. EEG data from trials which subjects failed inhibit response used calculate three different neurophysiological ERN, Pe, ITC). Consistent with our hypotheses, predicted ADHD symptomatology above beyond ERP measures. Moreover, we found symptoms throughout childhood uniquely associated ITC, adolescence. Overall, findings strengthen view (as by ITC) characteristic dysfunction

Language: Английский

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