Local Adaptation: Causal Agents of Selection and Adaptive Trait Divergence

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 87 - 111

Published: July 25, 2022

Divergent selection across the landscape can favor evolution of local adaptation in populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local is widely observed a diversity taxa, yet we have surprisingly limited understanding mechanisms that give rise to it. For instance, few experimentally confirmed biotic and abiotic variables promote adaptation, fewer identified phenotypic targets mediate adaptation. Here, highlight critical gaps our process discuss insights emerging from in-depth investigations agents drive phenotypes they target, genetic basis these phenotypes. We review historical contemporary methods for assessing explore whether manifests differently life history, evaluate constraints on

Language: Английский

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Microbial biodiversity and plant functional trait interactions in multifunctional ecosystems

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 105515 - 105515

Published: July 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Navigating Climate Change: Exploring the Dynamics Between Plant–Soil Microbiomes and Their Impact on Plant Growth and Productivity

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Understanding the intricate interplay between plant and soil microbiomes their effects on growth productivity is vital in a rapidly changing climate. This review explores interconnected impacts of climate change plant-soil profound agricultural productivity. The ongoing rise global temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns extreme weather events significantly affect composition function microbial communities rhizosphere. Changes diversity activity due to rising temperatures impact nutrient cycling, enzyme synthesis, health pest disease management. These changes also influence dynamics microbe capability promote health. As changes, plants' adaptive capacity partners become increasingly crucial for sustaining agriculture. Mitigating adverse requires comprehensive understanding mechanisms driving these processes. It highlights various strategies mitigating adapting environmental challenges, including management, stress-tolerant crops, cover cropping, sustainable land water crop rotation, organic amendments development climate-resilient varieties. emphasises need further exploration within broader context change. Promising mitigation strategies, precision agriculture targeted microbiome modifications, offer valuable pathways future research practical implementation food security

Language: Английский

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Multi‐dimensionality as a path forward in plant‐soil feedback research

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(10), P. 3446 - 3465

Published: April 30, 2021

Abstract Feedback between plants and their associated soil biota is an important driver of plant distribution, abundance community composition with consequences for ecosystem functioning. The field plant‐soil feedback (PSF) research has become integral subdiscipline terrestrial ecology, in recent decades rapidly evolved by deepening broadening its scope. We review the major developments field, discuss methodological considerations present a way forward new approaches to PSF that will lead more generalized predictive understanding PSFs. illustrate pursued multiple dimensions, including temporal scales, biogeographic perspectives, environmental context level biological resolution. Plant‐soil feedbacks have been related successional species turnover, but our inferences are often constrained experimental time‐scales, anthropogenic impacts can alter or disrupt interactions biota. also used explain spatial patterns recruitment, coexistence diversity, increasingly linked spread non‐native invasive plants. In years, consideration given sensitivity context, particularly gradients resource availability changing climatic conditions (including extreme events). Here, particular interest differential responses mutualistic antagonistic How interact different groups further predicted from species' phylogenetic relatedness chemical morphological shoot, root litter traits. Synthesis . moving forward, future should take multidimensional approach explicitly considering cross‐connections including, example, spatio‐temporal variation availability, trait–environment relationships across taxonomic functional organisms. This movement be accelerated advances utilizing types experiments laboratory as well establishing global collaborative networks.

Language: Английский

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A quantitative synthesis of soil microbial effects on plant species coexistence

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(22)

Published: May 23, 2022

Significance Understanding the processes that maintain plant diversity is a key goal in ecology. Many previous studies have shown soil microbes can generate stabilizing or destabilizing feedback loops drive either species coexistence monodominance. However, theory shows microbial controls over also arise through microbially mediated competitive imbalances, which been largely neglected. Using data from 50 studies, we found affect dynamics primarily by generating fitness differences rather than feedbacks. Consequently, absence of other asymmetries among plants, are predicted to exclusion more coexistence. These results underscore need for measuring when evaluating

Language: Английский

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Environmental interference of plant−microbe interactions

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(12), P. 3387 - 3398

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Environmental stresses can compromise the interactions of plants with beneficial microbes. In present review, experimental results showing that negatively affect abundance and/or functionality plant microbes are summarized. It is proposed environmental interference these plant-microbe explained by stress-mediated induction signalling pathways associated defence hormones and reactive oxygen species. These responses recognized to regulate within plants. The direct negative effect on may also contribute regulation mutualisms. posited that, in stress situations, harbour mechanisms maintain mutualistic associations. Beneficial produce effector proteins increase antioxidant levels counteract detrimental effects them. addition, they deliver specific stress-protective assist their hosts mitigate stresses. Our study contributes understanding how highlights why still benefits stressful environments.

Language: Английский

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Interference of Climate Change on Plant-Microbe Interaction: Present and Future Prospects

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Plant mutualistic association with various beneficial microbes is referred to as the plant enhancer microbiome. These are found either in episphere or endosphere of tissues. Several pieces evidence have highlighted that microbiomes and soil play a pivotal role making nutrient balance which readily available plants provide strength under stresses. Recently different technologies relevant microbiome diversity such sequencing technologies, metagenomics, bioinformatics been utilized. Knowledge about factors shape composition still less explored. Here, current insights into issues driving above/below microbial diversities Primarily, we address distribution communities above below ground across habitats has benefitted plants. Microbial efficient regulators biogeochemical cycle better approach mitigate changing climatic patterns aids proper utilization greenhouse gases for their metabolic mechanisms. The present review thereby significant assessing mitigation toward climate change multiple avenues plant- microbe interaction commuting scenario. Finally, summarize promote structure

Language: Английский

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Insight of endophytic fungi promoting the growth and development of woody plants

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 78 - 99

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth and development. In particular, endophytic fungi is one of the kinds microorganisms has a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants. Endophytic have many substantial benefits to plants, especially for woody such as accelerating growth, enhancing stress resistance, promoting nutrient absorption, resisting pathogens etc. However, effects on development plants not been systematically summarized. this review, functions mainly reviewed, including regulating (e.g., flowering, root elongation, etc.) by producing nutrients hormones, improving disease, insect resistance heavy metal secondary metabolites. addition, diversity could improve ability adapt adverse environment. The components produced excellent potential This review discussed regulation mechanism it would be great significance utilization resource from protection forest resources.

Language: Английский

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Rhizosheath–root system changes exopolysaccharide content but stabilizes bacterial community across contrasting seasons in a desert environment

Environmental Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 1, 2022

In hot deserts daily/seasonal fluctuations pose great challenges to the resident organisms. However, these extreme ecosystems host unique microenvironments, such as rhizosheath-root system of desert speargrasses in which biological activities and interactions are facilitated by milder conditions reduced fluctuations. Here, we examined bacterial microbiota associated with this structure its surrounding sand speargrass Stipagrostis pungens under contrasting environmental summer winter Sahara Desert.The belowground has higher nutrient humidity contents, cooler temperatures than sand. The plant responds harsh increasing abundance diversity extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) compared winter. On contrary, community interactome remain stable and, unlike bulk sand, unaffected seasonal variations. communities consistently dominated Actinobacteria Alphaproteobacteria form distinct bacteria from those two seasons. microbiome-stabilization mediated acts retain beneficial multiple growth promoting functions, including capable produce EPS, increase water holding capacity ameliorating rhizosheath micro-environment.Our results reveal capability plants stabilize their below ground microbial conditions, minimizing heterogeneity contributing overall holobiont resilience poly-extreme conditions.

Language: Английский

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Understanding and applying biological resilience, from genes to ecosystems

npj Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Abstract The natural world is under unprecedented and accelerating pressure. Much work on understanding resilience to local global environmental change has, so far, focussed ecosystems. However, a system’s behaviour requires knowledge of its component parts their interactions. Here we call for increased efforts understand ‘biological resilience’, or the processes that enable components across biological levels, from genes communities, resist recover perturbations. Although ecologists evolutionary biologists have tool-boxes examine form function, integrate this levels take advantage big data (e.g. ecological genomic) are only just beginning. We argue combining eco-evolutionary with ecosystem-level concepts will provide mechanistic basis necessary improve management human, agricultural ecosystems, outline some challenges in achieving an resilience.

Language: Английский

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