Plant‐centred sampling estimates higher beta diversity of interactions than pollinator‐based sampling across habitats

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 230(6), P. 2501 - 2512

Published: March 11, 2021

Summary When describing plant–animal interaction networks, sampling can be performed using plant‐ or animal‐centred approaches. Despite known effects of on network structure, how samplings affect the estimates β‐diversity across networks is still unresolved. We investigated method affects assessment interactions, turnover and rewiring. contrasted methods applied to pollination habitats in a heterogeneous tropical landscape, Pantanal Wetlands. also asked whether plant traits influence difference specialization according sampling. Plant‐centred resulted higher interactions space than networks. Turnover explained most both methods, but rewiring was proportionately more important when method. While plant‐centred indicated lower modularity specialization, floral modulated species‐level metrics. Combining animal‐ approaches returned intermediate values for Distinct may better suited answering questions at different scales. Our results point out that choice, combination should always reflect appropriate scale factors determining being investigated.

Language: Английский

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Identifying plant mixes for multiple ecosystem service provision in agricultural systems using ecological networks

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(12), P. 2770 - 2782

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Abstract Managing agricultural environments in a way that maximises the provision of multiple ecosystem services is significant challenge development sustainable and secure food systems. Advances network ecology provide forward, particularly arable landscapes, as they incorporate mutualistic antagonistic interactions associated with crop production. Here, we present an approach to identify mixes non‐crop plant species while minimising disservices. Genetic algorithms were applied Norwood Farm ecological network—a comprehensive dataset on organic farm United Kingdom. We aimed show how analyses can be used select plants supporting high diversity insect pollinators parasitoids pests, but low herbivores. Further this, wanted understand trade‐offs service conventional management practices focus individual services. multilayer maximise richness (natural enemies pests), Trade‐offs between processes apparent several both positive (pollinators parasitoids) negative (herbivores) functional taxonomic groups. As result, optimal for different from mix simultaneously maximising pollination parasitism pest insects, herbivory. Synthesis applications . Plant designed solely pollinator are not other disservices (e.g. pests herbivory). The method presented here will allow design strategies facilitate To this end, protocol practitioners develop their own suitable farm‐scale management. This avenue predictive has potential enhance management, levels biodiversity production by manipulating networks specific ways.

Language: Английский

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The mutualism–antagonism continuum in Neotropical palm–frugivore interactions: from interaction outcomes to ecosystem dynamics

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 97(2), P. 527 - 553

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

ABSTRACT Frugivory, that is feeding on fruits, pulp or seeds by animals, usually considered a mutualism when interactions involve seed dispersal, and an antagonism it results in the predation destruction of seeds. Nevertheless, most frugivory both benefits disadvantages for plants, net interaction outcomes thus tend to vary along continuum from antagonism. Quantifying outcome variation challenging ecological contribution frugivorous animals plant demography remains little explored. This particularly true which do not ingest entire seed‐eating pulp‐eating. Here, we provide comprehensive review Neotropical palm–frugivore interactions, with focus how frugivore consumption behaviour (i.e. digestive processing, fruit‐handling ability caching behaviour) types (fruit‐eating, pulp‐eating seed‐eating) influence at different demographic stages palms. We compiled total 1043 species‐level records explicitly captured information parts palm fruits are eaten animals. These showed 106 species 273 vertebrate species, especially birds (50%) mammals (45%), but also fish (3%) reptiles (2%). Fruit‐eating involved all four taxonomic classes whereas were only recorded among mammals. Most fruit‐eating (77%) resulted positive plants (e.g. gut‐passed viable successfully dispersed), regardless processing type consumers (seed defecation versus regurgitation). The majority (91%) outcomes, instance via removal promoted germination dispersal intact external transport, if have good primates, some parrots). By contrast, mostly dual (60%), where had negative effects survival through (non‐digestive) dispersal. A detailed synthesis available field studies qualitative quantitative provided evidence 12 families 27 predominantly mutualistic side five mammalian families, six mammal one reptile antagonistic side. revealed can act as partial mutualists, even they typically antagonists. Our demonstrates behaviours fruit regeneration palms, ultimately affect structure functioning tropical ecosystems. Variation animal will ecosystem dynamics population differences long‐distance may subsequently functions such carbon storage. quantification intra‐ inter‐specific plant–frugivore – their seed‐to‐seedling transition animal‐dispersed should be key research understand better mutualism–antagonism its importance dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Differences in prey availability across space and time lead to interaction rewiring and reshape a predator–prey metaweb

Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(8)

Published: April 7, 2022

Space and time promote variation in network structure by affecting the likelihood of potential interactions. However, little is known about relative roles ecological biogeographical processes determining how species interactions vary across space time. Here we study spatiotemporal predator-prey interaction networks formed anurans arthropods test for effects prey availability patterns, information that often absent limits understanding determinants structure. We found dissimilarity between ecoregions seasons was high primarily driven rewiring.We also turnover positively related to geographical distance. Using a null model approach disentangle effect on spatial temporal variation, show differences were important among areas. Our reveals fluctuations abundance, alongside limited dispersal abilities their prey, may be responsible patterns emerged our metaweb. These findings contribute assembly rules maintain biotic metacommunities highlight importance these systems.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic, physiological and anatomical responses of soybean plants under water deficit and high temperature condition

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Water deficit (WD) combined with high temperature (HT) is the major factor limiting agriculture worldwide, and it predicted to become worse according current climate change scenario. It thus important understand how cultivated crops respond these stress conditions. Here we investigated four soybean cultivars WD HT isolated or in combination at metabolic, physiological, anatomical levels. The + increased level of plants when compared under well-watered (WW), WD, exacerbates increases ascorbate peroxidase activity, which was associated greater photosynthetic rate two HT. metabolic responses diverge substantially from WW, Myo-inositol maltose were identified as biomarkers connected subnetworks composed catalase, amino acids, both root leaf osmotic potentials. Correlation-based network analyses highlight that heterogeneity a higher integration among morphological nodes observed Beyond unveiling biochemical biomarkers, our results collectively mechanisms behind acclimation cannot be understood by investigating separately.

Language: Английский

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