Rapid climate change and the rate of adaptation: insight from experimental quantitative genetics

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 195(4), P. 752 - 765

Published: July 23, 2012

Summary Evolution proceeds unceasingly in all biological populations. It is clear that climate‐driven evolution has molded plants deep time and within extant However, it less certain whether adaptive can proceed sufficiently rapidly to maintain the fitness demographic stability of populations subjected exceptionally rapid contemporary climate change. Here, we consider this question, drawing on current evidence rate plant range shifts potential for an evolutionary response. We emphasize advances understanding based theoretical studies model interacting processes, provide overview quantitative genetic approaches parameterize these models more meaningful predictions dynamic interplay between genetics, demography evolution. outline further research clarify both as continues change role played by ongoing adaptation their persistence. Contents 752 I. Introduction II. Will migration be enough? 753 III. Can fast 754 IV. Fitness links processes 755 V. Experimental studies: what do they tell us how improve them? 756 VI. Predicting variation natural selection 757 VII. The chronosequence approach 758 VIII. Resurrection ancestral propagules 759 IX. mean variance fitness, a link genetics 760 X. Conclusions 762 Acknowledgements References

Language: Английский

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The implications of nongenetic inheritance for evolution in changing environments

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 192 - 201

Published: Nov. 8, 2011

Abstract Nongenetic inheritance is a potentially important but poorly understood factor in population responses to rapid environmental change. Accumulating evidence indicates that nongenetic influences diverse array of traits all organisms and can allow for the transmission environmentally induced phenotypic changes (‘acquired traits’), as well spontaneously arising highly mutable variants. We review models adaptation changing environments under assumption broadened model incorporates mechanisms transmission, survey relevant empirical examples. Theory suggests increase rate both genetic change and, some cases, alter direction Empirical shows diversity phenotypes – spanning continuum from adaptive pathological be transmitted nongenetically. The presence therefore complicates our understanding evolutionary outline research program encompassing experimental studies test transgenerational effects range factors, followed by theoretical on population‐level consequences such effects.

Language: Английский

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Applications of species distribution modeling to paleobiology

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 30(21-22), P. 2930 - 2947

Published: July 13, 2011

Language: Английский

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Means and extremes: building variability into community‐level climate change experiments

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 799 - 806

Published: Feb. 26, 2013

Abstract Experimental studies assessing climatic effects on ecological communities have typically applied static warming treatments. Although these been informative, they usually failed to incorporate either current or predicted future, patterns of variability. Future climates are likely include extreme events which greater impacts systems than changes in means alone. Here, we review the used experiments assess temperature marine, freshwater and terrestrial communities, classify them into a set ‘generations’ based how The majority events. In ecosystems particular, experimental treatments reduced variability, when most climate models predict increased Marine tended not concentrate part because thermal mass oceans will moderate variation. freshwaters, change much shorter history other ecosystems, take relatively simple approach. We propose new ‘generation’ using down‐scaled describe process for generating data can be as

Language: Английский

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Impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article

Agriculture & Food Security, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Abstract Climate change is happening due to natural factors and human activities. It expressively alters biodiversity, agricultural production, food security. Mainly, narrowly adapted endemic species are under extinction. Accordingly, concerns over extinction warranted as it provides for all life forms primary health care more than 60–80% of humans globally. Nevertheless, the impact climate on biodiversity security has been recognized, little explored compared magnitude problem Therefore, objectives this review identify, appraise, synthesize link between change, Data, climatic models, emission, migration, scenarios, outputs from previous publications were used. Due distributions have shifted higher elevations at a median rate 11.0 m 16.9 km per decade latitudes. rates 1103 migration provide 21–23% with unlimited 38–52% no migration. When an environmental variation occurs timescale shorter plant any response could be in terms plastic phenotype. However, phenotypic plasticity buffer against long-term effects change. Furthermore, affects particularly communities locations that depend rain-fed agriculture. Crops plants thresholds beyond which growth yield compromised. yields Africa alone decline by 30% 2050. solving shortages through bringing extra land into agriculture exploiting new fish stocks costly solution, when protecting given priority. mitigating waste, compensating food-insecure people conserving effective use genetic resources, traditional ecological knowledge decrease further loss, meet scenarios. achieving such scenario requires strong policies, releasing high-yielding stress resistant varieties, developing resilient irrigation structures, degraded restoration, changes, bio-energy, sustainable forest management, community based conservation recommended mitigate impacts.

Language: Английский

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