Pollinators contribute to the maintenance of flowering plant diversity

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7878), P. 688 - 692

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Niche Perspectives on Plant–Pollinator Interactions

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 779 - 793

Published: May 5, 2020

Language: Английский

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Pollen-Pistil Interactions as Reproductive Barriers

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72(1), P. 615 - 639

Published: June 17, 2021

Pollen-pistil interactions serve as important prezygotic reproductive barriers that play a critical role in mate selection plants. Here, we highlight recent progress toward understanding the molecular basis of pollen-pistil isolating barriers. These can be active systems pollen rejection, or they result from mismatch required male and female factors. In some cases, are mechanistically linked to self-incompatibility systems, while others represent completely independent processes. act soon is deposited on stigma, where penetration heterospecific tubes blocked by stigma papillae. As extend, transmitting tissue selectively limit growth producing cell wall–modifying enzymes cytotoxins interact with growing tube. At ovules, differential tube attraction inhibition sperm release tubes.

Language: Английский

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The strength of reproductive isolating barriers in seed plants: Insights from studies quantifying premating and postmating reproductive barriers over the past 15 years

Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(10), P. 2228 - 2243

Published: July 15, 2022

Speciation is driven by the evolution of reproductive isolating barriers that reduce, and ultimately prevent, substantial gene flow between lineages. Despite its central role in evolutionary biology, process can be difficult to study because it proceeds differently among groups may occur over long timescales. Due this complexity, we typically rely on generalizations empirical data describe understand process. Previous reviews isolation (RI) flowering plants have suggested prezygotic or extrinsic generally a stronger effect reducing compared postzygotic intrinsic barriers. Past conclusions rested relatively few estimates RI; however, RI become increasingly abundant past 15 years. We analyzed from recent studies quantifying multiple pre- postmating strengths across 89 taxa pairs using standardized metrics. Individual were average than individual barriers, total strength was approximately twice RI. These findings corroborate ecological divergence factors, as opposed solely accumulation genetic incompatibilities, are important speciation maintenance species boundaries plants. an emphasis literature asymmetric RI, found acted equally asymmetrically. Overall, variability 12 highlights great diversity mechanisms contribute plant diversification.

Language: Английский

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Realized flower constancy in bumble bees: Optimal foraging strategy balancing cognitive and travel costs and its possible consequences for floral diversity

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Abstract Pollinating insects often exhibit flower constancy, that is, the tendency to make consecutive visits same species while disregarding others. This behaviour is commonly attributed cost of retrieving visual or motor memories from long‐term storage switching between flowers with distinct colours and shapes. Accordingly, researchers predict co‐flowering significantly greater phenotypic diversity than random expectation, thereby minimizing heterospecific pollen transfer. However, field observations have not consistently supported this notion. The observed inconsistencies may arise variations in travel costs, which depend on interaction foragers' constancy level spatial mixing plant species. If are evenly mixed, constant pollinators incur higher levels due frequent skipping neighbouring flowers. In contrast, if patchily distributed, experience lower cost, as most neighbours Considering this, ‘realized constancy’ be determined an optimal strategy for balancing cognitive dynamically vary across different degrees mixing. Here we test possibility indoor experiments bumble bees foraging two differently coloured artificial (‘species’) arranged at three levels. First, dramatically reduced increased, irrespective spacing. Second, were less inclined switch after accumulating one species, suggesting a rapid decay another species' information short‐term memory back storage. effect additionally contributed increased patchy distributions. Third, showed minimal similarly coloured, mixed these operated shared memory. was hardly affected by colour similarity when distributed. Results support our initial hypothesis realized reflects rather fixed outcome limitation. Notably, bees' differences only novel perspective: promotes evolution maintenance floral diversity. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(1), P. 593 - 606

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Summary Pollen identification and quantification are crucial but challenging tasks in addressing a variety of evolutionary ecological questions (pollination, paleobotany), also for other fields research (e.g. allergology, honey analysis or forensics). Researchers exploring alternative methods to automate these but, several reasons, manual microscopy is still the gold standard. In this study, we present new method pollen using multispectral imaging flow cytometry combination with deep learning. We demonstrate that our allows fast measurement while delivering high accuracy identification. A dataset 426 876 images depicting from 35 plant species was used train convolutional neural network classifier. found best‐performing classifier yield species‐averaged 96%. Even difficult differentiate could be clearly separated. Our approach detailed determination morphological traits, such as size, symmetry structure. phylogenetic analyses suggest conservatism some traits. Given comprehensive reference database, provide powerful tool any study need rapid accurate identification, grain trait extraction recent pollen.

Language: Английский

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Genomic and Meiotic Changes Accompanying Polyploidization

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 125 - 125

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Hybridization and polyploidy have been considered as significant evolutionary forces in adaptation speciation, especially among plants. Interspecific gene flow generates novel genetic variants adaptable to different environments, but it is also a introgression mechanism crops increase their agronomical yield. An estimate of 9% interspecific hybridization has reported although the frequency varies taxa. Homoploid hybrid speciation rare compared allopolyploidy. Chromosome doubling after result cellular defects produced mainly during meiosis. Unreduced gametes, which are formed at an average 2.52% across species, altered spindle organization or orientation, disturbed kinetochore functioning, abnormal cytokinesis, loss any meiotic division. Meiotic changes basis, leading cytological diploidization allopolyploids, just beginning be understood wheat. However, nature mode action homoeologous recombination suppressor genes poorly other allopolyploids. The merger two independent genomes causes deep modification architecture, expression, molecular interactions phenotype. We provide overview genomic transcriptomic modifications that particularly occur early stages allopolyploid formation.

Language: Английский

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Pollen on stigmas as proxies of pollinator competition and facilitation: complexities, caveats and future directions

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 125(7), P. 1003 - 1012

Published: Jan. 24, 2020

Pollen transfer via animals is necessary for reproduction by ~80 % of flowering plants, and most these plants live in multispecies communities where they can share pollinators. While diffuse plant-pollinator interactions are increasingly recognized as the rule rather than exception, their fitness consequences cannot be deduced from flower visitation alone, so other proxies, functionally closer to seed production amenable use a broad variety diverse communities, necessary.We conceptually summarize how study pollen on stigmas spent flowers reflect key drivers functional aspects interaction (e.g. competition, facilitation or commensalism). We critically evaluate variable rates factors (pollinator pool floral avoidance) give rise different relationships between heterospecific (1) conspecific stigma (2) tubes/grain style, revealing complexity potential interpretations. advise best practices using noting assumptions caveats involved use, explicate what additional data required verify interpretation given patterns.We conclude that characterizing provides an attainable indirect measure pollination interactions, but complex processes generate patterns conspecific-heterospecific alone determine whether competition underlying drivers. Thus, tests also needed validate hypotheses.

Language: Английский

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Effect of heterospecific pollen deposition on pollen tube growth depends on the phylogenetic relatedness between donor and recipient

AoB Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: May 12, 2020

Abstract Co-flowering plant species may interact via pollinators leading to heterospecific pollen transfer with consequences for reproduction. What determines the severity of effect on conspecific performance is unclear, but it depend phylogenetic relatedness interactors (pollen donors and recipient). The might also extent which plants are exposed over ecological or evolutionary timescales. For instance, generalist-pollinated tolerate more than specialists. Here, we tested whether effects stronger between closely related phylogenetically distant ones in a tropical highland community. Then, based these results, determined responses were generalized vs. specialized species. We applied from close (congeneric) (different families) alone stigmas three recipient (one generalist, Sisyrinchium wettsteinii; two specialists, Fuchsia campos-portoi regia) scored tube styles. In all species, grew tubes base style indicating high potential interfere seed set. Conversely, distantly had no either specialist whereas enhanced was observed generalist S. wettsteinii. strong donor have obscured role pollination specialization, at least examined here. Therefore, mediated post-pollination success, possible reproductive trait evolution community assembly further studies explore.

Language: Английский

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Integrated view of plant metabolic defense with particular focus on chewing herbivores

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(2), P. 449 - 475

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Success of plants largely depends on their ability to defend against herbivores. Since emergence the first voracious consumers, maintained adapting structures and chemistry escape from extinction. The constant pressure was further accelerated by adaptation herbivores plant defenses, which all together sparked rise a chemical empire comprised thousands specialized metabolites currently found in plants. Metabolic diversity kingdom is truly amazing, although many have already been identified, large number potentially useful chemicals remain unexplored bio-resources. Similarly, biosynthetic routes for involve enzymes, some still wait identification biochemical characterization. Moreover, regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression enzyme activities metabolism are scarcely known. Finally, understanding how defense exert toxicity and/or repellency remains limited typical examples, such as proteinase inhibitors, cyanogenic compounds nicotine. In this review, we attempt summarizing current status quo metabolic predominantly based survey ubiquitous examples interactions with chewing

Language: Английский

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