Fungi as mediators linking organisms and ecosystems

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(2)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Fungi form a major and diverse component of most ecosystems on Earth. They are both micro macroorganisms with high varying functional diversity as well great variation in dispersal modes. With our growing knowledge microbial biogeography, it has become increasingly clear that fungal assembly patterns processes differ from other microorganisms such bacteria, but also plants. The success fungi organisms their influence the environment lies ability to span multiple dimensions time, space, biological interactions, is not rivalled by organism groups. There evidence mediate links between different ecosystems, potential affect macroecology evolution those organisms. This suggests interactions an ecological driving force, interconnecting levels organisation hosts, competitors, antagonists ecosystem functioning. Here we review these emerging lines focusing dynamics groups across various ecosystems. We conclude mediating role through complex dynamic underlie importance ubiquity Earth's

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 615 - 637

Published: May 15, 2021

Abstract We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history damage in forests, nurseries, orchards urban areas. compactus , X. crassiusculus germanus are native to Asia, currently established several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into plant xylem inoculating mutualistic fungi that serve as food source developing progeny. Tunneling activity results chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, branch trunk necrosis. Maintaining health reducing physiological stress is first recommendation long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs trees selected can be used monitor species. Conventional pest methods mostly ineffective against because pests’ broad host range rapid spread. Due challenges conventional control, more approaches being tested, such optimization push–pull strategy based on specific attractant repellent combinations, or use insecticide-treated netting. Biological release entomopathogenic mycoparasitic fungi, well antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation real field conditions. Overall, we suggest efforts should primarily focus potentially combined multi-faceted approach controlling damage.

Language: Английский

---

Relevance of microbial symbiosis to insect behavior

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 91 - 100

Published: March 20, 2020

Microbial symbiosis is widespread among insects. This article reviews our understanding of insect behaviors relevant to commensalistic and mutualistic microbial symbiosis, which has received relatively less attention compared in parasitic symbiosis. First, we review knowledge symbiont transmission by the host insects maintain associations with beneficial microorganisms over generations. Some that extracellularly harbor symbionts exhibit particularly sophisticated for vertical transmission. Next, highlight notable studies on behavioral changes induced infection. In last decade, a number have demonstrated or suggested infections affect their behaviors. Finally, future directions regarding these research topics are discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Beetle–Bacterial Symbioses: Endless Forms Most Functional

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 201 - 219

Published: Oct. 4, 2021

Beetles are hosts to a remarkable diversity of bacterial symbionts. In this article, we review the role these partnerships in promoting beetle fitness following surge recent studies characterizing symbiont localization and function across Coleoptera. Symbiont contributions range from supplementation essential nutrients digestive or detoxifying enzymes production bioactive compounds providing defense against natural enemies. Insights on functional highlight how symbiosis can expand host's ecological niche, but also constrain its evolutionary potential by specialization. As differ within between clades, discuss it corresponds microbe's beneficial outline molecular behavioral mechanisms underlying translocation transmission holometabolous host. reviewing literature, emphasize study inform our understanding phenotypic innovations behind success beetles.

Language: Английский

---

Reviewing the contributions of macrofungi to forest ecosystem processes and services

Fungal Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 100294 - 100294

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Involvement of Microbiota in Insect Physiology: Focus on B Vitamins

mBio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Insects are highly successful in colonizing a wide spectrum of ecological niches and feeding on diversity diets. This is notably linked to their capacity get from microbiota any essential component lacking the diet such as vitamins amino acids. Over century research based dietary analysis, antimicrobial treatment, gnotobiotic rearing, culture-independent microbe detection progressively generated wealth information about role specific aspects insect fitness. Thanks recent increase sequencing capacities, whole-genome number symbionts has facilitated tracing biosynthesis pathways, validation experimental data evolutionary analyses. field considerable set hosts harboring or nonspecific members. Here, we review current knowledge involvement tick nutrition, with particular focus B vitamin provision. We specifically question if there specificity provision by compared redundant yet contribution microbes. successively highlight known microbial during three main life stages invertebrates: postembryonic development, adulthood, reproduction.

Language: Английский

---

Bees just wanna have fungi: a review of bee associations with nonpathogenic fungi

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(8)

Published: July 7, 2023

Abstract Bee–fungus associations are common, and while most studies focus on entomopathogens, emerging evidence suggests that bees associate with a variety of symbiotic fungi can influence bee behavior health. Here, we review nonpathogenic fungal taxa associated different species bee-related habitats. We synthesize results examining effects behavior, development, survival, fitness. find communities differ across habitats, some groups restricted mostly to flowers (Metschnikowia), others present almost exclusively in stored provisions (Zygosaccharomyces). Starmerella yeasts found multiple habitats association many species. Bee widely the abundance identity hosted. Functional suggest affect foraging, pathogen interactions, though few have been examined this context. Rarely, obligately beneficial symbionts bees, whereas facultative associates unknown or ecologically contextual effects. Fungicides reduce alter potentially disrupting bee–fungi associations. recommend future study non-honeybee examine life stages document composition, abundance, mechanistic bees.

Language: Английский

---

Mutualism and division of labour: a mutual expansion of concepts

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1922)

Published: March 20, 2025

Division of labour within social groups and the interspecific relationships mutualisms have traditionally been treated as separate research areas. In this opinion, we align terminologies concepts between two fields, by comparing within-group division to outsourcing functions in mutualisms. share fundamental similarities. Both are built from specialization some individuals relationship on tasks or required for survival, growth reproduction. also generate variable fitness outcomes. A key difference is that generally direct gain, while benefits cooperative sociality often accrue a mix indirect fitness. Additionally, levels physical physiological many expand far beyond differentiation seen groups, with exception reproductive labour. The consideration between-species context allows expansion our understanding both fields beyond, consider general principles drivers labour, role differences more broadly across complexity. This article part theme issue ‘Division driver evolution’.

Language: Английский

---

Division of labour as key driver of social evolution

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1922)

Published: March 20, 2025

The social division of labour (DoL) has been renowned as a key driver the economic success human societies dating back to ancient philosophers such Plato (in Republic , ca 380 BCE), Xenophon Cyropaedia 370 BCE) and Aristotle Politics 350 BCE, Nicomachean Ethics 340 BCE). Over time, this concept evolved into cornerstone political thought, most prominently expressed in Smith Wealth Nations 1776). In his magnum opus, Adam posited that DoL caused greater increase production than any other factor history. There is little doubt immensely increases productive output, both humans organisms, but it less clear how comes about, organized what biological roots are ‘turbo enhancer’. We address these questions here using results from studies wide range organisms various modelling approaches. This article part theme issue ‘Division evolution’.

Language: Английский

---

Symbiont-Mediated Digestion of Plant Biomass in Fungus-Farming Insects

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 297 - 316

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Feeding on living or dead plant material is widespread in insects. Seminal work termites and aphids has provided profound insights into the critical nutritional role that microbes play plant-feeding Some ants, beetles, termites, among others, have evolved ability to use gain indirect access substrate through farming of a fungus which they feed. Recent genomic studies, including studies insect hosts fungal bacterial symbionts, as well metagenomics proteomics, important biomass digestion across insect–fungal mutualisms. Not only do advances understanding divergent complementary functions complex symbionts reveal mechanism how these herbivorous insects catabolize biomass, but also represent promising reservoir for novel carbohydrate-active enzyme discovery, considerable biotechnological interest.

Language: Английский

---