Fungal Species Causing Canker and Wilt of Ficus carica and Evidence of Their Association by Bark Beetles in Italy

Plant Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108(7), P. 2136 - 2147

Published: March 12, 2024

Field surveys conducted during 2021 and 2022 in Western Sicily, Italy, revealed the presence of common fig trees severely affected by trunk crown root canker bark cracking. Moreover, conjunction with symptomatic tissues, same surveyed plants showed beetle holes internal wood galleries. The predominant Criphalus dilutus was previously reported attacking figs Sicily. Phylogenetic analyses based on multilocus DNA data different fungal taxa associated disease symptoms, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Ceratocystis ficicola, Diaporthe foeniculina, Neocosmospora bostrycoides, N. perseae, Neofusicoccum luteum. Pathogenicity tests potted that all species were pathogenic to fig, C. ficicola spp. as most aggressive species. isolations from bodies emerging adult insects recovered samples confirmed spp., suggesting potential involvement their dissemination.

Language: Английский

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We and herbivores eat endophytes

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1282 - 1299

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Summary Health depends on the diet and a vegetal promotes health by providing fibres, vitamins diverse metabolites. Remarkably, plants may also provide microbes. Fungi bacteria that reside inside plant tissues (endophytes) seem better protected to survive digestion; thus, we investigated reported evidence endophytic origin of some members gut microbiota in animals such as panda, koala, rabbits tortoises several herbivore insects. Data examined here showed are common microbes, which derived become stable cases. Endophytes contribute fibre or antimetabolite degradation synthesis metabolites with plethora enzymatic activities they display; have practical applications, for example, Lactobacillus plantarum found intestinal tract, fermented food is used probiotic defend against bacterial viral infections other endophytic‐enteric do. Clostridium an endophyte bacterium has remarkable capabilities degrade cellulose having cellulosomes be considered most efficient nanomachines. Cellulose challenge animal digestion biofuel production. Other cellulases, pectinases, xylanases, tannases, proteases, nitrogenases attractive biotechnological developments, indeed many endophytes promote growth. Here, cycle endophytic‐enteric‐soil‐endophytic microbes proposed relevance comprises fate faeces natural microbial inoculants constitute sources guts.

Language: Английский

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The bacterial and fungal communities of the larval midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) varied by feeding on two cruciferous vegetables

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 29, 2022

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous pest worldwide with wide host range that causes serious losses to many economically important crops. Recently, insect-microbe associations have become hot spot in current entomology research, and the midgut microbiome of S. has been investigated, while effects cruciferous vegetables remain unknown. In this study, growth larvae fed on an artificial diet, Brassica campestris oleracea for 7 days was analyzed. Besides, microbial community functional prediction analyses larval midguts different diets were performed by high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed B. inhibited larvae. The composition structure significantly affected diets. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested 20 bacterial genera 2 fungal contributed gut structures. classification analyzed PICRUSt FUNGuild most COG function categories changed , guilds altered significantly. These diversity vegetable feeding. study provided preliminary understanding role microbes response vegetables.

Language: Английский

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First experimental evidence for active farming in ambrosia beetles and strong heredity of garden microbiomes

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1986)

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Fungal cultivation is a defining feature for advanced agriculture in fungus-farming ants and termites. In third supposedly group, wood-colonizing ambrosia beetles, an experimental proof the effectiveness of beetle activity selective promotion their food fungi over others lacking farming has only been assumed based on observations social hygienic behaviours. Here, we experimentally removed mothers offspring from young nests fruit-tree pinhole borer, Xyleborinus saxesenii. By amplicon sequencing bacterial fungal communities with without beetles could show that are indeed able to actively shift symbiont communities. Although being consumed, Raffaelea were more abundant when present while weed fungus (Chaetomium sp.) as well overall diversity reduced comparison beetles. Core generally low there strong signs vertical transmission not cultivars, but also secondary symbionts. Our findings verify existence active farming, even though exact mechanisms underlying and/or suppression symbionts need further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Impact of heat stress on the fitness outcomes of symbiotic infection in aphids: a meta-analysis

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1971)

Published: March 30, 2022

Beneficial microorganisms shape the evolutionary trajectories of their hosts, facilitating or constraining colonization new ecological niches. One convincing example entails responses insect-microbe associations to rising temperatures. Indeed, insect resilience stressful high temperatures depends on genetic identity obligate symbiont and presence heat-protective facultative symbionts. As extensively studied organisms, aphids endosymbiotic bacteria represent valuable models address eco-evolutionary questions about thermal ecology partnerships, with broad relevance various biological systems models. This meta-analysis aims quantify context-dependent impacts symbionts host phenotype in benign heat conditions, across fitness traits, types stress species. We found that warming lowered benefits (resistance parasitoids) costs (development, fecundity) infection by symbionts, which was overall mostly beneficial hosts under short-term (heat shock) rather than extended warming. Heat-tolerant genotypes Buchnera aphidicola some (Rickettsia sp., Serratia symbiotica) improved maintained aphid stress. discuss implications these findings for general understanding cost-benefit balance multiple traits dynamics faced climate change.

Language: Английский

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