Plant defensive responses to insect eggs are inducible by general egg-associated elicitors

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Egg deposition by herbivorous insects is well known to elicit defensive plant responses. Our study aimed elucidate the insect and species specificity of these To specificity, we treated Arabidopsis thaliana with egg extracts egg-associated secretions a sawfly (Diprion pini), beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) butterfly (Pieris brassicae). All elicited salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in plant, all induced expression genes be responsive eggs, among them Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes. contained phosphatidylcholine derivatives, elicitors SA PR gene Arabidopsis. The extract did not induce camalexin levels, while other did. studies on revealed that Solanum dulcamara Ulmus minor responded cell death P. brassicae i.e. responses also for A. thaliana. However, eggs neoplasms only S. dulcamara. results provide evidence general, phosphatidylcholine-based, conserved core but point species-specific traits plant-insect interactions.

Language: Английский

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Correlated response to selection for increased body weight on fecundity in Hermetia illucens

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Abstract Genetic improvement through artificial selection holds potential for improving production of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). A long‐term increased larval body weight is in place fly. To investigate impact on egg this species, four tests were conducted, assessing phenotypic relationship between pupal weight, clutch number eggs, and size. measure fecundity, clutches collected from individual females. The (BW) line, selected 14, 21, 32 generations, compared with those base population (BP) line to evaluate effect reproductive output maternal pupae showed a strong positive correlation (0.73) moderate (0.47) eggs. (0.79) eggs (0.51) length an egg. BW significantly higher performance over BP about 18%–49% increase per female, 24%–30% clutch, 3%–4% linear mixed model that had generations line. Assessment relationships no evidence trade‐offs female flies study. This research provides first empirical fecundity response

Language: Английский

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Finding an egg in a haystack: variation in chemical cue use by egg parasitoids of herbivorous insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101002 - 101002

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

Egg parasitoids of herbivorous insects use an interplay short- and long-range chemical cues emitted by hosts host plants to find eggs parasitize. Volatile compounds that attract egg can be identified via behavioral assays used manipulate parasitoid behavior in the field for biological control pests. However, how when a particular cue will varies over life individual, as well at below species level. Future research should expand taxonomic coverage explore variation more natural, dynamic settings. More nuanced understanding variability host-finding strategies aid disentangling underlying genetics further enhancing control.

Language: Английский

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Sorghum defense responses to sequential attack by insect herbivores of different feeding guilds

Planta, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 258(2)

Published: June 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Extracellular symbiont colonizes insect during embryo development

ISME Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Insects typically acquire their beneficial microbes early in development. Endosymbionts housed intracellularly are commonly integrated during oogenesis or embryogenesis, whereas extracellular only known to be acquired after hatching by immature instars such as larvae nymphs. Here, however, we report on an symbiont that colonizes its host embryo Tortoise beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) digestive bacterial Stammera extracellularly within foregut symbiotic organs and ovary-associated glands ensure vertical transmission. We outline the initial stages of colonization observe although develop 3 days prior larval emergence, they remain empty until final 24 h Infection occurs timeframe hatching. By experimentally manipulating availability embryos egg, describe a 12-h developmental window governing Stammera. Symbiotic form normally aposymbiotic larvae, demonstrating these Stammera-bearing structures autonomously. In adults, already colonized following metamorphosis stable population facilitate folivory. The glands, initially lack Symbiont abundance subsequently increases transmission organs, thereby ensuring sufficient titers at onset oviposition ~29 metamorphosis. Collectively, our findings reveal precedes where proliferation is eventually decoupled adult match nutritional reproductive requirements host.

Language: Английский

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Thermal tolerance of mosquito eggs is associated with urban adaptation and human interactions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract Climate change is expected to profoundly affect mosquito distributions and their ability serve as vectors for disease, specifically with the anticipated increase in heat waves. The rising temperature frequent waves can accelerate life cycles, facilitating higher disease transmission. Conversely, temperatures could mortality a negative consequence. Warmer are associated increased human density, suggesting need anthropophilic mosquitoes adapt be more hardy stress. Mosquito eggs provide an opportunity study biological impact of climate warming this stage stationary must tolerate at site female oviposition. As such, egg thermotolerance critical survival specific habitat. In nature, Aedes exhibit different behavioral phenotypes, where populations prefer depositing tree holes feeding non-human vertebrates. contrast, others, particularly human-biting specialists, favor laying artificial containers near dwellings. This examined eggs, along adult stages, aegypti Ae. albopictus lineages known ancestry shifts relationship humans. Mosquitoes collected from areas population displaying preference, having human-associated profile have viability following high-temperature Unlike thermal tolerance among adults showed no significant correlation based on area collection or ancestry. highlights that likely when humans needs accounted predicting future distribution.

Language: Английский

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Nymphal feeding suppresses oviposition-induced indirect plant defense in rice

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Feeding and oviposition by phytophagous insects are both known to trigger defenses in plants. Whether these two functionally interact remains poorly studied, although interactions likely important for pests with overlapping generations. Here we investigated the differences interaction between feeding- oviposition-induced plant triggered brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), which gregariously feeds oviposits on rice. Analyses of host-plant transcriptomes, phytohormones, direct indirect defense compounds all show that BPH gravid females (GFs), but not nymphs non-gravid (NFs), strongly induce rice defenses. GFs prefer feed plants previously infested over un-attacked plants, repelled GFs. Moreover, nymph feeding is found reduce attractiveness natural enemies decrease egg parasitism suppressing GF-induced volatiles mediate growth chambers paddies. Intergenerational oviposition- feeding-induced only promote development population pest may also contribute aggregation behavior authors females, Aggregation female adults benefits herbivore disarming plants'

Language: Английский

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Single-nuclei multiome ATAC and RNA sequencing reveals the molecular basis of thermal plasticity inDrosophila melanogasterembryos

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Embryogenesis is remarkably robust to temperature variability, yet there limited understanding of the homeostatic mechanisms that offset thermal effects during early development. Here, we measured acclimation response upper limits and profiled chromatin state transcriptome D. melanogaster embryos (Bownes Stage 11) using single-nuclei multiome ATAC RNA sequencing. We report acclimation, while preserving a common set primordial cell types, rapidly shifted limit. Cool-acclimated showed characterized by increased accessibility at transcription factor binding motifs for transcriptional activator Zelda, along with enhanced activity gene regulatory networks in types including foregut hindgut, mesoderm, peripheral nervous system. In addition, cool-acclimated had higher expression genes encoding ribosomal proteins enzymes involved oxidative phosphorylation. Despite hypothesis differential heat tolerance might be explained molecular chaperones, did not observe widespread differences or shock genes. Overall, our results suggest environmental robustness embryogenesis necessitates responses regulate speed development, potentially imposing metabolic costs constrain limits.

Language: Английский

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Key questions for future research in Physiological Entomology

Physiological Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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An Insect Effector Mimics Its Host Immune Regulator to Undermine Plant Immunity

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract Plants activate defense machinery when infested by herbivorous insects but avoid such costs in the absence of herbivory. However, key signaling pathway regulators underlying flexibility and mechanisms that exploit these components to disarm plant systems remain elusive. Here, it is reported immune repressor 14‐3‐3e rice Oryza sativa (OsGF14e) regulates homeostasis. Infestation with brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens decreased OsGF14e expression; however, level downregulation limited both short duration specific feeding location. interacts Enhanced Disease Resistance 1‐like (OsEDR1l), a Raf‐like MAP kinase (MAPKKK), repressed jasmonic acid, acid‐isoleucine, H 2 O accumulation enhancing OsEDR1l abundance ability. overexpression renders susceptible BPH, whereas their knockout increases resistance compromises growth grain yield. Intriguingly, BPH protein (Nl14) shares high sequence homology structural similarity identified from saliva egg‐associated secretions. Mediated through oviposition, Nl14, similar OsGF14e, triggers signaling, thereby suppressing defenses facilitating infestation. Apparently, functional mimicry makes possible for this newly discovered effector OsGF14e‐EDR1l suppression module. The results reveal novel mechanism deployed insects, manner certain pathogen effectors, evade host mimicking regulators.

Language: Английский

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