Fifty years of Landsat science and impacts

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 280, P. 113195 - 113195

Published: July 28, 2022

Since 1972, the Landsat program has been continually monitoring Earth, to now provide 50 years of digital, multispectral, medium spatial resolution observations. Over this time, data were crucial for many scientific and technical advances. Prior program, detailed, synoptic depictions Earth's surface rare, ability acquire work with large datasets was limited. The early delivered a series technological breakthroughs, pioneering new methods, demonstrating capacity digital satellite imagery, creating template other global Earth observation missions programs. Innovations driven by have paved way subsequent science, application, policy support activities. economic value knowledge gained through long recognized, despite periods funding uncertainty, resulted in program's continuity, as well substantive ongoing improvements payload mission performance. Free open access data, enacted 2008, unprecedented substantially increased usage led proliferation science application opportunities. Here, we highlight key developments over past that influenced changed our understanding system. Major programmatic impacts realized areas agricultural crop mapping water use, climate change drivers impacts, ecosystems land cover monitoring, changing human footprint. introduction collection processing, coupled free policy, facilitated transition away from single images towards time analyses fostered widespread use science-grade data. launch Landsat-9 on September 27, 2021, advanced planning its successor mission, Landsat-Next, underscore sustained institutional program. Such commitment continuity is recognition both historic impact future potential build upon Landsat's remarkable 50-year legacy.

Language: Английский

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Agrochemicals, Environment, and Human Health

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 399 - 421

Published: June 9, 2022

Global consumption of agrochemicals continues to rise, despite growing evidence their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health. The extent increase varies across nations, by type chemical compounds severity the detrimental impacts. differential impacts are largely attributable level technology adoption regulation as well enforcement compliance. article highlights gaps in technical, legal, social aspects, which include paucity holistic long-term ecological impact assessment frameworks lack consideration for dimensions pesticide use regulatory decisions. Bridging these gaps, establishing global cooperation governance, a regional/national-level monitoring mechanism suggested. This, complemented with policy shift from current approach productivity enhancement augmenting agroecosystem services, would encourage sustainable nature-positive agriculture equipped meet multiple challenges food security, safety, climate resilience.

Language: Английский

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Getting ahead of climate change for ecological adaptation and resilience

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6600), P. 1421 - 1426

Published: June 23, 2022

Changing the course of Earth's climate is increasingly urgent, but there also a concurrent need for proactive stewardship adaptive capacity rapidly changing biosphere. Adaptation ultimately underpins resilience complex systems; species, communities, and ecosystems shift evolve over time. Yet oncoming changes will seriously challenge current natural resource management conservation efforts. We review forward-looking approaches to enable adaptation resilience. Key opportunities include expanding beyond preservationist by including those that facilitate ecological change. Conservation should not just focus on change losers emerging opportunities. Local efforts conserve biodiversity generate habitat complexity help maintain diversity future options an unpredictable future.

Language: Английский

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Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(16)

Published: April 14, 2025

Defining wealth broadly to include in people, relational connections, and material possessions, we examine the prehistory of inequality at level residential units using consistent proxy Gini coefficients calculated across areas contemporaneous units. In a sample >1,100 sites > 47,000 spanning >10,000 y, persistent typically lags onset plant cultivation by more than millennium. It accompanies landscape modifications subsistence practices which land (rather labor) limits production, growth hierarchies settlement size. are markedly higher through time settlements or near top such hierarchies; not enmeshed these systems remain relatively egalitarian even long after animal domestication. We infer that some households top-ranked were able exploit network effects, agglomeration opportunities, (eventually) political leverage provided effectively others, likely boosted efficient intergenerational transmission resources increased sedentism made common. Since population is associated with sedentism, land-limited appearance hierarchies, it deeply implicated postdomestication rise inequality. Governance mediate degree inequality, as do technical innovations use animals for portage, horseback riding, development iron smelting.

Language: Английский

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Grassy Ecosystems in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 261 - 289

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

As the Anthropocene advances, there are few parts of Earth that have not been impacted by human influence. Humans had a long-sustained interaction with grassy ecosystems, but they becoming severely direct and indirect impacts as advances. Grassy ecosystems easy to clear cultivate, poorly protected, defined due legacies colonial narratives can describe them deforested, wastelands, or derived. Climate change, land conversion, erosion processes shaped for millennia cascading cumulative on ecosystem extent integrity. We examine how these changes impacting more specifically, those fall into uncertain space—a climate envelope where vegetation is at equilibrium either forest occur. It within this space climate, CO2, disturbances (fire, herbivores) interact determine presence ecosystems. Changes any components reduce integrity grassyecosystems. The loss ancient biodiverse means an array services fundamental lives than 1 billion people alongside Earth-system altered albedo, carbon, hydrological cycles.

Language: Английский

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Life Cycle Assessment on Agricultural Production: A Mini Review on Methodology, Application, and Challenges

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(16), P. 9817 - 9817

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for the quantitative evaluation and analysis of agricultural materials production operation activities in various stages system. Based on concept life cycle, it comprehensively summarizes impact agriculture environment, which to promote sustainability green development agriculture. In recent years, LCA has been widely used agroecosystem resource environmental impacts analysis. However, some challenges still exist LCA, i.e., assessment index system needs be improved; its application different mode limited; combination research with other models more attention. This paper discusses above-mentioned recommends priorities both scientific improvements practical implementation. summary, further needed construct a regional heterogeneity database develop innovated methodologies meaningful functional units products complement by models. These efforts will make robust support decision making from individual farm or (inter)national sustainable future

Language: Английский

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The Anthropocene condition: evolving through social–ecological transformations

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(1893)

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Anthropogenic planetary disruptions, from climate change to biodiversity loss, are unprecedented challenges for human societies. Some societies, social groups, cultural practices, technologies and institutions already disintegrating or disappearing as a result. However, this coupling of socially produced environmental with disruptive changes—the Anthropocene condition—is not new. From food-producing hunter–gatherers, farmers, urban industrial food systems, the current entanglement has its roots in millennia evolving accumulating sociocultural capabilities shaping cultured environments that our societies have always lived (sociocultural niche construction). When these transformative shape coupled adaptations enabling more effectively live transformed environments, social–ecological scales intensities transformations can accelerate through positive feedback loop ‘runaway construction’. Efforts achieve better future both people planet will depend on guiding runaway evolutionary process towards outcomes by redirecting Earth's most force nature: power aspirations. To guide force, narratives appeal aspirations be effective than crisis overstepping natural boundaries. This article is part theme issue ‘Evolution sustainability: gathering strands an synthesis’.

Language: Английский

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Likely decline in the number of farms globally by the middle of the century

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 949 - 954

Published: May 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Agricultural practices and biodiversity: Conservation policies for semi-natural grasslands in Europe

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(16), P. R753 - R761

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Interrelations Between Migration, Climate Change, and Energy Transitions in the Context of Socioeconomic Disparities

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1625 - 1625

Published: March 24, 2025

This study examines the critical interplay between migration, climate change, energy transitions, and socioeconomic disparities, highlighting their collective influence on regional resilience sustainable development. By analyzing existing literature, investigates how migration patterns are shaped by environmental stressors, challenges, economic inequalities, emphasizing dual role of as both a response to driver change. Additionally, it explores complex relationship systems flows, focusing impact access, sustainability efforts conditions, particularly in vulnerable regions. The review identifies key gaps especially regarding social implications these interconnected factors. It also assesses transitions can either mitigate or exacerbate disparities climate-induced migration. holistic perspective aims inform future policy research security, equity.

Language: Английский

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