Active Colloids as Models, Materials, and Machines

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 30

Published: March 17, 2023

Active colloids use energy input at the particle level to propel persistent motion and direct dynamic assemblies. We consider three types of animated by chemical reactions, time-varying magnetic fields, electric currents. For each type, we review basic propulsion mechanisms discuss their consequences for collective behaviors in ensembles. These microscopic systems provide useful experimental models nonequilibrium many-body physics which dissipative currents break time-reversal symmetry. Freed from constraints thermodynamic equilibrium, active assemble form materials that move, reconfigure, heal, adapt. Colloidal machines based on engineered particles assemblies a basis mobile robots with increasing levels autonomy. This provides conceptual framework understanding applying create material mimic functions living matter. highlight opportunities engineers contribute this growing field.

Language: Английский

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3D printing and artificial intelligence tools for droplet microfluidics: Advances in the generation and analysis of emulsions

Applied Physics Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as highly relevant technology in diverse fields such nanomaterials synthesis, photonics, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, food science, cosmetics, and agriculture. While significant progress been made understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying droplet generation microchannels fabricating devices to produce droplets with varied functionality high throughput, challenges persist along two important directions. On one side, generalization of numerical results obtained by computational fluid dynamics would be deepen comprehension complex physical phenomena microfluidics, well capability predicting device behavior. Conversely, truly three-dimensional architectures enhance microfluidic platforms terms tailoring enhancing flow properties. Recent advancements artificial intelligence (AI) additive manufacturing (AM) promise unequaled opportunities for simulating behavior, precisely tracking individual droplets, exploring innovative designs. This review provides a comprehensive overview recent applying AI AM microfluidics. The basic properties multiphase flows production are discussed, current fabrication methods related introduced, together their applications. Delving into use technologies topics covered include AI-assisted simulations real-time within systems, AM-fabrication systems. synergistic combination is expected active matter expediting transition toward fully digital

Language: Английский

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Metareview: a survey of active matter reviews

The European Physical Journal E, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

In the past years, amount of research on active matter has grown extremely rapidly, a fact that is reflected in particular by existence more than 1000 reviews this topic. Moreover, field become very diverse, ranging from theoretical studies statistical mechanics particles to applied work medical applications microrobots and biological systems artificial swimmers. This makes it difficult get an overview over as whole. Here, we provide such form metareview article surveys existing review articles books matter. Thereby, provides useful starting point for finding literature about specific

Language: Английский

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We the droplets: A constitutional approach to active and self-propelled emulsions

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 101623 - 101623

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Self-propelled swimming droplets

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 101614 - 101614

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Enzyme-Enriched Condensates Show Self-Propulsion, Positioning, and Coexistence

Physical Review Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 130(12)

Published: March 20, 2023

Enzyme-enriched condensates can organize the spatial distribution of their substrates by catalyzing nonequilibrium reactions. Conversely, an inhomogeneous substrate induces enzyme fluxes through substrate-enzyme interactions. We find that move toward center a confining domain when this feedback is weak. Above threshold, they exhibit self-propulsion, leading to oscillatory dynamics. Moreover, catalysis-driven lead interrupted coarsening, resulting in equidistant condensate positioning, and division.

Language: Английский

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Breather and soliton solutions of a generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation

Physics of Fluids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Fluid mechanics is a branch of physics that focuses on the study behavior and laws motion fluids, including gases, liquids, plasmas. The Yu–Toda–Sasa–Fukuyama equation, class Kadomtsev–Petviashvili type equations, significant integrable model with applications in fluids other fields. In this paper, we breather soliton solutions generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional YTSF equation. By utilizing Hirota bilinear method Painlevé analysis, construct form trigonometric hyperbolic functions analyze interaction between waves graphically. We consider characteristics wave distribution along characteristic lines to obtain distance each angle generated, which beneficial for understanding ocean superposition effect. Additionally, examine dynamic wave, such as amplitude, velocity, period, shape, position, width, phase. Furthermore, investigate effects system parameters solitons breathers.

Language: Английский

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Shaping active matter from crystalline solids to active turbulence

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 3, 2024

Abstract Active matter drives its constituent agents to move autonomously by harnessing free energy, leading diverse emergent states with relevance both biological processes and inanimate functionalities. Achieving maximum reconfigurability of active materials minimal control remains a desirable yet challenging goal. Here, we employ large-scale, agent-resolved simulations demonstrate that modulating the activity wet phoretic medium alone can govern solid-liquid-gas phase transitions and, subsequently, laminar-turbulent in fluid phases, thereby shaping pattern. These two progressively emerging transitions, hitherto unreported, bring us closer perceiving parallels between traditional matter. Our work reproduces reconciles seemingly conflicting experimental observations on chemically systems, presenting unified landscape collective dynamics. findings enhance understanding long-range, many-body interactions among agents, offer new insights into their non-equilibrium behaviors, provide potential guidelines for designing reconfigurable materials.

Language: Английский

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Evolving Motility of Active Droplets is Captured by a Self-Repelling Random Walk Model

Physical Review Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 134(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

In living matter, concentration gradients of nutrients carve the motility microorganisms in a heterogeneous environment. Here, we use swimming droplets as model system to study how swimmer-trail interactions guide locomotion. Combining experiments and theory, show that our non-Markovian droplet quantitatively captures motility. The two fit parameters provide first estimate effective temperature arising from hydrodynamic flows coupling strength propulsion force. This framework is general explains memory effects, hovering, enhanced collective motion.

Language: Английский

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Thermally fully developed pipe flows of active liquids

Physics of Fluids, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Active matter laden active liquids define a unique class of liquids, whose extremely rich dynamics can be captured only by appropriately considering the contribution induced stresses. In this paper, we develop analytical solutions for studying effect background fluid flow in temperature distribution and Nusselt number thermally fully developed pipe with constant surface heat flux. Specifically, consider an liquid consisting particles demonstrating vortex defects: consequently, presence axial gradient activity, there occurs pressure-driven that has profile different from Hagen-Poiseuille non-active flow. We find case is 3.83, which smaller than classical value 4.36 observed (with flux). justify decrease noting where activity (for flows) identical to pressure flows), overall strength flows: such reduced causes convective transfer triggering flows. This also away wall greater mean temperature)

Language: Английский

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