Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: June 7, 2019
Coral
reefs
are
among
the
world's
most
endangered
ecosystems.
mortality
can
result
from
ocean
warming
or
other
climate-related
events
such
as
coral
bleaching
and
intense
hurricanes.
While
resilient
recover
these
impacts
has
been
documented
in
throughout
tropical
Indo-Pacific,
no
similar
reef-wide
recovery
ever
reported
for
Caribbean.
Climate
change-related
is
unavoidable,
but
local
management
actions
improve
conditions
regrowth
establishment
of
juvenile
corals
thereby
enhancing
resilience
Previous
research
determined
that
with
sufficient
herbivory
limit
macroalgae
recruitment
regrowth.
Management
reduces
algal
abundance
increases
potential
both
adult
on
reefs.
Every
year
island
Bonaire,
Dutch
Caribbean,
we
quantified
patterns
distribution
reef
fish,
coral,
algae,
along
replicate
fixed
transects
at
10
m
depth
multiple
sites
2003
to
2017.
Beginning
our
first
exploratory
study
2002
until
2007
was
abundant
(45%
cover)
were
rare
(6%
cover).
Consecutive
disturbances,
beginning
Hurricane
Omar
October
2008
a
event
2010,
resulted
22%
decline
cover
sharp
threefold
increase
macroalgal
18%.
Juvenile
densities
declined
about
half
their
previous
abundance.
Herbivorous
parrotfishes
had
declining
stabilized
around
fish
traps
phased
out
fishing
parrotfish
banned.
The
average
biomass
2010
2017
more
than
twice
Eastern
During
this
same
period,
density
total
returned
pre-hurricane
levels.
To
knowledge,
example
Caribbean
ecosystem
fully
recovered
severe
events.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. e0226631 - e0226631
Published: Jan. 30, 2020
Coral
reef
ecosystems
have
suffered
an
unprecedented
loss
of
habitat-forming
hard
corals
in
recent
decades.
While
marine
conservation
has
historically
focused
on
passive
habitat
protection,
demand
for
and
interest
active
restoration
been
growing
However,
a
disconnect
between
coral
practitioners,
managers
scientists
resulted
disjointed
field
where
it
is
difficult
to
gain
overview
existing
knowledge.
To
address
this,
we
aimed
synthesise
the
available
knowledge
comprehensive
global
review
methods,
incorporating
data
from
peer-reviewed
scientific
literature,
complemented
with
grey
literature
through
survey
practitioners.
We
found
that
case
studies
are
dominated
by
short-term
projects,
60%
all
projects
reporting
less
than
18
months
monitoring
restored
sites.
Similarly,
most
relatively
small
spatial
scale,
median
size
area
100
m2.
A
diverse
range
species
represented
dataset,
229
different
72
genera.
Overall,
primarily
fast-growing
branching
(59%
studies),
report
survival
60
70%.
date,
young
plagued
similar
'growing
pains'
as
ecological
other
ecosystems.
These
include
1)
lack
clear
achievable
objectives,
2)
appropriate
standardised
and,
3)
poorly
designed
relation
stated
objectives.
Mitigating
these
will
be
crucial
successfully
scale
up
retain
public
trust
tool
resilience
based
management.
Finally,
while
practitioners
developed
effective
methods
grow
at
scales,
critical
not
view
replacement
meaningful
action
climate
change.
One Earth,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4(9), P. 1278 - 1285
Published: Sept. 1, 2021
Coral
reefs
worldwide
are
facing
impacts
from
climate
change,
overfishing,
habitat
destruction,
and
pollution.
The
cumulative
effect
of
these
on
global
capacity
coral
to
provide
ecosystem
services
is
unknown.
Here,
we
evaluate
changes
in
extent
reef
habitat,
fishery
catches
effort,
Indigenous
consumption
fishes,
coral-reef-associated
biodiversity.
Global
coverage
living
has
declined
by
half
since
the
1950s.
Catches
fishes
peaked
2002
decline
despite
increasing
fishing
catch-per-unit
effort
decreased
60%
1950.
At
least
63%
biodiversity
with
loss
extent.
With
projected
continued
degradation
associated
fisheries
catches,
well-being
sustainable
coastal
development
human
communities
that
depend
threatened.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
17(8), P. 445 - 454
Published: July 30, 2019
Coral
reefs
are
in
global
decline.
Reversing
this
trend
is
a
primary
management
objective
but
doing
so
depends
on
understanding
what
keeps
desirable
states
(ie
“functional”).
Although
there
evidence
that
coral
thrive
under
certain
conditions
(eg
moderate
water
temperatures,
limited
fishing
pressure),
the
dynamic
processes
promote
ecosystem
functioning
and
its
internal
drivers
community
structure)
poorly
defined
explored.
Specifically,
despite
decades
of
research
suggesting
positive
relationship
between
biodiversity
across
biomes,
few
studies
have
explored
reef
systems.
We
propose
practical
definition
functioning,
centered
eight
complementary
ecological
processes:
calcium
carbonate
production
bioerosion,
herbivory,
secondary
predation,
nutrient
uptake
release.
Connecting
species
niches,
functional
diversity
communities,
rates
key
can
provide
novel,
quantitative
dependence
communities
will
chart
transition
Anthropocene.
This
contribute
urgently
needed
guidance
for
these
important
ecosystems.
