Gut microbiome lipid metabolism and its impact on host physiology

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 173 - 186

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pros and Cons of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Health

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 383 - 406

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), are found in seafood, supplements, concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Prospective cohort studies demonstrate an association between higher intakes of EPA+DHA or levels EPA DHA the body lower risk developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart myocardial infarction, mortality general population. cardioprotective effect is due to beneficial modulation a number factors for CVD. Some large trials support use (or alone) high-risk patients, although evidence inconsistent. This review presents key primary secondary prevention CVD, briefly describes potential mechanisms action, discusses recently published RCTs meta-analyses. Potential adverse aspects acids relation CVD discussed.

Language: Английский

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Should formula for infants provide arachidonic acid along with DHA? A position paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the Child Health Foundation

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 111(1), P. 10 - 16

Published: Oct. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Neuroprotective Nutrients throughout the Life Cycle

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 986 - 986

Published: March 18, 2021

The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic (AA) in neurogenesis brain development throughout the life cycle is fundamental. DHA AA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) vital for many human physiological processes, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, structure function membranes, among others. deposited into lipids cell membranes that form gray matter representing approximately 25% total content acids. Both have effects on neuronal growth differentiation through modulation physical properties signal transduction associated with G proteins, expression. a relevant neuroprotection against neurodegenerative pathologies Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, which characteristic pathological expressions mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. present review analyzes neuroprotective extreme stages life, emphasizing importance these LCPUFA during first year developing/prevention diseases aging.

Language: Английский

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Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 310 - 310

Published: Jan. 24, 2020

Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One the may contribute to inconsistency is that, in most studies, genetic have not been taken into consideration. It known acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster chromosome 11 a important determinant plasma PUFA, prevalence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations constitute bias meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association (GWAS) carried out other none them investigated sex Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at level. Our aims were undertake GWAS discover genes associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, some acids) scarcely studied population metabolic syndrome, explore adherence diet (MedDiet) Serum determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations various SNPs FADS omega-3 (top-ranked adjusted model: FADS1-rs174547, p = 3.34 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174550, 5.35 FADS2-rs1535, 5.85 FADS1-rs174546, 6.72 FADS2-rs174546, 9.75 FADS2-rs174576, 1.17 10−13; FADS2-rs174577, 1.12 10−12, among others). also detected significant 11: MYRF (myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535, 1.49 10−12; TMEM258 (transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275, 2.43 FEN1 (flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538, 1.96 10−11). Similar statistically for docosahexaenoic (DHA). no such omega-6 PUFAs linoleic (LA). For total we observed consistent gene*sex interaction DNTTIP2 (deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting 2)-rs3747965 1.36 10−8. MedDiet, obtained relevant ME1 (malic enzyme 1) (a strongly regulated fat) determining omega-3. The top-ranked SNP was ME1-rs3798890 (p 2.15 10−7). In regional-wide study, specifically focused FADS1/FASD2/FADS3 ELOVL (fatty elongase) 2/ELOVL 5 regions, several < 0.05. conclusion, our confirm role population, but vary depending PUFA. Moreover, detection underlines need these associations/interactions all specific so as better understand complex metabolism

Language: Английский

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Transcriptome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility genes and pathways for depression

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 21, 2021

Abstract Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple risk variants for depression, due to complicated gene regulatory mechanisms complexity of linkage disequilibrium (LD), biological by which exert their effects on depression remain largely unknown. Here, we perform a transcriptome-wide study (TWAS) integrating GWAS summary statistics from 807,553 individuals (246,363 cases 561,190 controls) summary-level gene-expression data (from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 1003 individuals). We 53 significant (TWS) genes 23 were not implicated in loci original GWAS. Seven out ( B3GALTL , FADS1 TCTEX1D1 XPNPEP3 ZMAT2 ZNF501 ZNF502 ) showed TWS associations two independent brain expression quantitative (eQTL) datasets, suggesting that these may represent promising candidates. further conducted conditional analyses potential driven TWAS signal each locus. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis revealed biologically pathways relevant depression. Our new whose dysregulation play role More importantly, translated into pathways. Further mechanistic functional characterization will facilitate diagnostics therapeutics

Language: Английский

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The transition from genomics to phenomics in personalized population health

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 286 - 302

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fat and fatty acids – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Food & Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Two

Language: Английский

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Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and genetics. implications for interindividual variability in prothrombotic, inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19✰,✰✰,★,★★

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 102183 - 102183

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

COVID-19 symptoms vary from silence to rapid death, the latter mediated by both a cytokine storm and thrombotic storm. SARS-CoV (2003) induces Cox-2, catalyzing synthesis, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), of eicosanoids docosanoids that mediate inflammation thrombosis. HUFA balance between arachidonic acid (AA) other is likely determinant net signaling induce healthy or runaway physiological response. AA levels are determined non-protein coding regulatory polymorphisms mostly affect expression FADS1, located in FADS gene cluster on chromosome 11. Major minor haplotypes Europeans, specific functional insertion-deletion (Indel), rs66698963, consistently show major differences circulating (>50%) (47–84%) free living humans; indel evolutionarily selective, probably based diet. The pattern responses fully consistent with genetic modulation desaturation at FADS1-mediated 20:3→20:4 step. Well established principles tissue indicate high linoleic low alpha-linoleic populations drive for any individual. We predict fast desaturators (insertion allele rs66698963; haplotype Europeans) predisposed higher risk pathological SARS-CoV-2 could be reduced dose omega-3 HUFA.

Language: Английский

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Cytochrome P450 Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Neurodegeneration

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3523 - 3523

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Due to the aging population in world, neurodegenerative diseases have become a serious public health issue that greatly impacts patients’ quality of life and adds huge economic burden. Even after decades research, there is no effective curative treatment for diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) an emerging dietary medical intervention maintenance diseases, including Recent research demonstrated oxidized metabolites, particularly cytochrome P450 (CYP) PUFAs are beneficial several Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease; however, their mechanism(s) remains unclear. The endogenous levels CYP metabolites affected by our diet, synthesis, downstream metabolism. While activity omega-3 (ω-3) PUFA omega-6 (ω-6) largely overlap, ω-3 more active general. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent findings regarding biosynthesis metabolism metabolites. We also discuss potential neurodegeneration, which ultimately improve understanding how affect neurodegeneration may identify drug targets

Language: Английский

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