Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
97, P. 18 - 33
Published: Dec. 6, 2018
The
aggregation
of
fibrils
hyperphosphorylated
and
C-terminally
truncated
microtubule-associated
tau
protein
characterizes
80%
all
dementia
disorders,
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
disorders.
These
so-called
tauopathies
are
hitherto
not
curable
their
diagnosis,
especially
at
early
disease
stages,
has
traditionally
proven
difficult.
A
keystone
in
diagnosis
was
development
methods
to
assess
levels
vivo
cerebrospinal
fluid,
which
significantly
improved
our
knowledge
about
these
conditions.
Tau
proteins
have
also
been
measured
blood,
but
importance
tau-related
changes
blood
is
still
unclear.
recent
addition
positron
emission
tomography
ligands
visualize,
map
quantify
pathology
further
contributed
with
information
temporal
spatial
characteristics
accumulation
living
brain.
Together,
measurement
fluid
biomarkers
constitutes
basis
for
a
highly
active
field
research.
This
review
describes
current
state
derived
from
neuroimaging
analysis
bodily
fluids
roles
detection,
prognosis
tau-associated
as
well
associations
neuropathological
findings,
aims
provide
perspective
on
how
might
be
employed
prospectively
research
clinical
settings.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
38(1), P. 597 - 620
Published: April 26, 2020
Neuroimmunology,
albeit
a
relatively
established
discipline,
has
recently
sparked
numerous
exciting
findings
on
microglia,
the
resident
macrophages
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
This
review
addresses
meningeal
immunity,
less-studied
aspect
neuroimmune
interactions.
The
meninges,
triple
layer
membranes—the
pia
mater,
arachnoid
and
dura
mater—surround
CNS,
encompassing
cerebrospinal
fluid
produced
by
choroid
plexus
epithelium.
Unlike
adjacent
brain
parenchyma,
meninges
contain
wide
repertoire
immune
cells.
These
constitute
which
is
primarily
concerned
with
surveillance
and—according
to
recent
evidence—also
participates
in
postinjury
CNS
recovery,
chronic
neurodegenerative
conditions,
even
higher
function.
Meningeal
immunity
come
under
spotlight
owing
characterization
lymphatic
vessels
draining
CNS.
Here,
we
current
state
our
understanding
its
effects
healthy
diseased
brains.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: May 8, 2020
Historically,
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
has
been
viewed
as
being
primarily
driven
by
T
cells.
However,
the
effective
use
of
anti-CD20
treatment
now
also
reveals
an
important
role
for
B
cells
in
MS
patients.
The
results
from
this
put
forward
T-cell
activation
rather
than
antibody
production
a
driving
force
behind
MS.
main
question
how
their
interaction
provokes
both
and
to
infiltrate
CNS
cause
local
pathology
remains
be
answered.
In
review,
we
highlight
key
pathogenic
events
involving
that
most
likely
contribute
pathogenesis
These
include
1)
peripheral
escape
cell-mediated
control,
2)
secondary
lymph
nodes,
3)
reactivation
accumulating
CNS.
We
will
focus
on
functional
programs
CNS-infiltrating
lymphocyte
subsets
patients
discuss
these
are
defined
mechanisms
such
antigen
presentation,
co-stimulation
cytokine
periphery.
Furthermore,
potential
impact
genetic
variants
viral
triggers
candidate
debated
context
Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
97, P. 18 - 33
Published: Dec. 6, 2018
The
aggregation
of
fibrils
hyperphosphorylated
and
C-terminally
truncated
microtubule-associated
tau
protein
characterizes
80%
all
dementia
disorders,
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
disorders.
These
so-called
tauopathies
are
hitherto
not
curable
their
diagnosis,
especially
at
early
disease
stages,
has
traditionally
proven
difficult.
A
keystone
in
diagnosis
was
development
methods
to
assess
levels
vivo
cerebrospinal
fluid,
which
significantly
improved
our
knowledge
about
these
conditions.
Tau
proteins
have
also
been
measured
blood,
but
importance
tau-related
changes
blood
is
still
unclear.
recent
addition
positron
emission
tomography
ligands
visualize,
map
quantify
pathology
further
contributed
with
information
temporal
spatial
characteristics
accumulation
living
brain.
Together,
measurement
fluid
biomarkers
constitutes
basis
for
a
highly
active
field
research.
This
review
describes
current
state
derived
from
neuroimaging
analysis
bodily
fluids
roles
detection,
prognosis
tau-associated
as
well
associations
neuropathological
findings,
aims
provide
perspective
on
how
might
be
employed
prospectively
research
clinical
settings.
