Diversity analysis of 80,000 wheat accessions reveals consequences and opportunities of selection footprints

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Abstract Undomesticated wild species, crop relatives, and landraces represent sources of variation for wheat improvement to address challenges from climate change the growing human population. Here, we study 56,342 domesticated hexaploid, 18,946 tetraploid 3,903 relatives in a massive-scale genotyping diversity analysis. Using DArTseq TM technology, identify more than 300,000 high-quality SNPs SilicoDArT markers align them three reference maps: IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 genome assembly, durum assembly (cv. Svevo), DArT genetic map. On average, 72% are uniquely placed on these maps 50% linked genes. The analysis reveals with unexplored footprints defined by regions under selection. This provides fertile ground develop varieties future exploring specific gene or chromosome identifying germplasm conserving allelic missing current breeding programs.

Language: Английский

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Genome-edited crops for improved food security of smallholder farmers

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 364 - 367

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Industry 4.0 Disruption and Its Neologisms in Major Industrial Sectors: A State of the Art

Journal of Engineering, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 45

Published: Oct. 10, 2020

Very well into the dawn of fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0), humankind can hardly distinguish between what is artificial and natural (e.g., man-made virus virus). Thus, level discombobulation among people, companies, or countries indeed unprecedented. The fact that industry 4.0 explosively disrupting retrofitting each every sector makes famous buzzword amongst researchers today. However, insight disruption sectors remains ill-defined in both academic nonacademic literature. present study aimed at identifying neologisms, understanding illustrating disruptive technology convergence major sectors. A total 99 neologisms were identified. Industry education (education energy (energy agriculture (agriculture healthcare (healthcare logistics (logistics 4.0) was described. 12 technologies including 3D printing, intelligence, augmented reality, big data, blockchain, cloud computing, drones, Internet Things, nanotechnology, robotics, simulation, synthetic biology agriculture, healthcare, industries illustrated. divulged need for extensive research to expand application areas

Language: Английский

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Global challenges facing plant pathology: multidisciplinary approaches to meet the food security and environmental challenges in the mid-twenty-first century

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: May 26, 2021

Abstract The discipline of plant pathology has an expanding remit requiring a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary approach to capture the complexity interactions for any given disease, disease complex or syndrome. This review discussed recent developments in research and identifies some key issues that, we anticipate, must be faced meet food security environmental challenges that will arise over coming decades. In meeting these issues, challenge turn is community respond by contributing wider forum multidisciplinary research, recognising impact depend not just on advances alone, but more broadly with other agricultural ecological sciences, needs national global policies regulation. A readily met once pathologists again gather physically at international meetings return professional social encounters are fertile grounds developing new ideas forging collaborative approaches both within disciplines. this emphasise, particular: links between disciplines; management, including precision agriculture, growth development, decision analysis risk; development use novel protection chemicals; ways exploiting host genetic diversity resistance deployment; perspective biological control microbial interactions; surveillance detection technologies; invasion exotic re-emerging pathogens; consequences climate change affecting all aspects environment, their interactions. We draw conclusions each areas, reaching forward next few decades, inevitably lead further questions rather than solutions anticipate.

Language: Английский

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Democratizing ownership and participation in the 4th Industrial Revolution: challenges and opportunities in cellular agriculture

Agriculture and Human Values, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 943 - 961

Published: Aug. 24, 2021

Abstract The emergence of the “4th Industrial Revolution,” i.e. convergence artificial intelligence, Internet Things, advanced materials, and bioengineering technologies, could accelerate socioeconomic insecurities anxieties or provide beneficial alternatives to status quo. In post-Covid-19 era, entities that are best positioned capitalize on these innovations large firms, which use digital platforms big data orchestrate vast ecosystems users extract market share across industry sectors. Nonetheless, technologies also have potential democratize ownership, broaden political-economic participation, reduce environmental harms. We articulate sociotechnical pathways in this high-stakes crossroads by analyzing cellular agriculture, an exemplary 4th Revolution technology synergizes computer science, biopharma, tissue engineering, food science grow cultured meat, dairy, egg products from cells and/or genetically modified yeast. Our exploration space involved multi-sited ethnographic research both (a) agriculture community (b) alternative economic organizations devoted open source licensing, member-owned cooperatives, social financing, platform business models. Upon discussing how latter approaches potentially facilitate we reflect upon broader implications work with respect enduring need for public policy reform.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of plant natural products – A minireview

Current Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100163 - 100163

Published: July 8, 2020

Plant natural products include a diverse array of compounds that play important roles in plant metabolism and physiology. After elucidation biosynthetic pathways regulatory factors, it has become possible to metabolically engineer new capabilities planta as well successfully whole into microbial systems. Microbial expression systems for producing valuable have evolved incorporate polyculture co-culture consortiums carrying out robust biosynthesis strategies. This review focuses on four classes secondary metabolites the recent advances generating useful platforms metabolic engineering. They are flavonoids, alkaloids, betalains, glucosinolates.

Language: Английский

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Phytophthora infestans: An Overview of Methods and Attempts to Combat Late Blight

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 1071 - 1071

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is one of the main pathogens in agricultural sector. The most affected are Solanaceae species, with potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato lycopersicum) being great importance. Ornamental can also host pests Petunia spp., Calibrachoa as well wild species Solanum dulcamara, sarrachoides, etc. Annual crop losses caused by this pathogen highly significant. Although interaction between P. has been investigated for a long time, further studies still needed. This review summarises basic approaches fight against late blight over past 20 years includes four sections devoted to methods control: (1) fungicides; (2) R-gene-based resistance species; (3) RNA interference approaches; (4) other control infestans. Based on latest advances, we have provided description significant advantages disadvantages each approach.

Language: Английский

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The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 8, 2020

The plant secretome is usually considered in the frame of proteomics, aiming at characterizing extracellular proteins, their biological roles and mechanisms accounting for secretion space. In this review, we aim to highlight recent results pertaining through conventional unconventional protein pathways notably those involving exosomes or vesicles. Furthermore, plants are well known actively secrete a large array different molecules from polymers (e.g. RNA DNA) small compounds ATP, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, phytohormones). All these play pivotal plant-fungi (or oomycetes) interactions, both beneficial (mycorrhizal fungi) deleterious outcomes (pathogens) plant. For instance, work reveals that such by roots paramount importance sculpt rhizospheric microbiota. Our review extend definition fungal secretomes broader sense better understand functioning plant/microorganisms holobiont. Fundamental perspectives will be brought light along with novel tools should support establishing an environment-friendly sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract The horticultural industry helps to enrich and improve the human diet while contributing growth of agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases crops frequently occur during pre- postharvest periods, reducing yields crop quality causing huge economic losses wasted food. Outcomes depend on both plant defense responses pathogenicity. Plant are highly sophisticated generally divided into preformed induced responses. Preformed include physical barriers phytochemicals, which first line protection. Induced responses, innate immunity (pattern-triggered effector-triggered immunity), local systemic signaling, triggered counterstrike pathogens. Therefore, develop regulatory strategies for resistance, a comprehensive understanding their underlying mechanisms is critical. Recently, integrated multi-omics analyses, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, high-throughput sequencing, data mining have greatly contributed identification functional determination novel factors, signaling molecules pathways in resistance. In this review, research progress pathogens regulate induction resistance summarized, then problems, challenges, future directions examined.

Language: Английский

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Genome Editing for Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: May 12, 2022

Sustainable intensification of agriculture in Africa is essential for accomplishing food and nutritional security addressing the rising concerns climate change. There an urgent need to close yield gap staple crops enhance production feed growing population. In order meet increasing demand food, more efficient approaches produce are needed. All tools available toolbox, including modern biotechnology traditional, be applied crop improvement. The full potential new breeding such as genome editing needs exploited addition conventional technologies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-based has rapidly become most prevalent genetic engineering approach developing improved varieties because its simplicity, efficiency, specificity, easy use. Genome improves variety by modifying endogenous free any foreign gene. Hence, genome-edited with no gene integration not regulated genetically modified organisms (GMOs) several countries. Researchers using CRISPR/Cas-based improving African biotic abiotic stress resistance quality. Many products, disease-resistant banana, maize resistant lethal necrosis, sorghum parasitic plant Striga enhanced quality, under development farmers. a creating enabling environment science-based regulatory guidelines release adoption products developed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing. Some progress been made this regard. Nigeria Kenya have recently published national biosafety regulation This article summarizes recent advances developments tools, applications crops, policies Africa.

Language: Английский

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