Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Dec. 3, 2024
The
impact
of
volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs)
on
type
2
diabetes
(T2D)
among
older
adults
is
unknown.
multiple
linear
regression
model
and
the
binary
logistic
were
used
to
evaluate
relationships
between
mVOCs
glucose
homeostasis/T2D,
respectively.
Among
19
mVOCs,
higher
levels
urinary
N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine
(2HPMA,
compound
CID:44146439)
(HPMMA,
CID:107774684)
significantly
associated
with
odds
T2D
(OR
=
1.16,
95%
confidence
interval
[CI]:1.01–1.34
for
2HPMA;
OR
1.27,
CI:1.04–1.54
HPMMA).
In
addition,
concentrations
in
urine
correlated
homeostasis
biomarkers,
including
2HPMA
2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic
acid
(TTCA,
CID:3034757)
fasting
glucose,
HPMMA
mandelic
(MA,
CID:1292)
HbA1c,
phenylglyoxylic
(PGA,
CID:11915)
serum
insulin,
HbA1c
HOMA-IR.
Our
findings
suggested
that
exposure
VOCs
increased
adults,
which
might
be
mediated
by
impaired
homeostasis.
Mitigating
should
a
necessary
component
public
health
strategies
aimed
at
reducing
burden
diabetes.
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
People
with
type
1
diabetes
(T1D)
are
usually
considered
to
exclusively
exhibit
β-cell
failure,
but
they
frequently
also
feature
insulin
resistance.
This
review
discusses
the
mechanisms,
clinical
features,
and
therapeutic
relevance
of
resistance
by
focusing
mainly
on
human
studies
using
gold-standard
techniques
(euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic
clamp).
In
T1D,
tissue-specific
can
develop
early
sustain
throughout
disease
progression.
The
underlying
pathophysiology
is
complex,
involving
both
metabolic-
autoimmune-related
factors
operating
synergistically.
Insulin
treatment
may
play
an
important
pathogenic
role
in
predisposing
individuals
T1D
However,
established
lifestyle-related
risk
peripheral
administration
inducing
glucolipotoxicity,
hyperinsulinemia,
hyperglucagonemia,
inflammation,
mitochondrial
abnormalities,
oxidative
stress
cannot
always
fully
explain
suggesting
a
phenotype
distinct
from
2
diabetes.
mutual
interaction
between
impaired
endothelial
function
further
contributes
diabetes-related
complications.
should
therefore
be
target
T1D.
Aside
lifestyle
modifications,
continuous
subcutaneous
infusion
ameliorate
thereby
improving
glucose
toxicity
compared
multiple
injection
treatment.
Among
other
concepts,
metformin,
pioglitazone,
incretin-based
drugs
such
as
GLP-1
receptor
agonists,
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
inhibitors,
pramlintide
improve
resistance,
either
directly
or
indirectly.
considering
current
issues
high
cost,
side
effects,
limited
efficacy,
their
off-label
status,
these
agents
people
not
widely
used
routine
care
at
present.
Environmental Health Perspectives,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
132(4)
Published: April 1, 2024
The
European
Food
Safety
Authority
(EFSA)
recommended
lowering
their
estimated
tolerable
daily
intake
(TDI)
for
bisphenol
A
(BPA)
20,000-fold
to
0.2
ng/kg
body
weight
(BW)/day.
BPA
is
an
extensively
studied
high
production
volume
endocrine
disrupting
chemical
(EDC)
associated
with
a
vast
array
of
diseases.
Prior
risk
assessments
by
EFSA
as
well
the
US
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
have
relied
on
industry-funded
studies
conducted
under
good
laboratory
practice
protocols
(GLP)
requiring
guideline
end
points
detailed
record
keeping,
while
also
claiming
examine
(but
rejecting)
thousands
published
findings
academic
scientists.
Guideline
initially
formalized
in
mid-twentieth
century
are
still
used
many
regulatory
agencies.
21st
approach
its
reassessment
transparent,
but
time-limited,
systematic
review
that
included
both
research.
German
Federal
Institute
Risk
Assessment
(BfR)
opposed
EFSA's
revision
TDI
BPA.
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(7), P. 7621 - 7667
Published: July 18, 2024
The
β-cells
within
the
pancreas
play
a
pivotal
role
in
insulin
production
and
secretion,
responding
to
fluctuations
blood
glucose
levels.
However,
factors
like
obesity,
dietary
habits,
prolonged
resistance
can
compromise
β-cell
function,
contributing
development
of
Type
2
Diabetes
(T2D).
A
critical
aspect
this
dysfunction
involves
dedifferentiation
transdifferentiation,
wherein
these
cells
lose
their
specialized
characteristics
adopt
different
identities,
notably
transitioning
towards
progenitor
or
other
pancreatic
cell
types
α-cells.
This
process
significantly
contributes
malfunction
progression
T2D,
often
surpassing
impact
outright
loss.
Alterations
expressions
specific
genes
transcription
unique
β-cells,
along
with
epigenetic
modifications
environmental
such
as
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
underpin
occurrence
onset
T2D.
Recent
research
underscores
potential
therapeutic
value
for
targeting
manage
T2D
effectively.
In
review,
we
aim
dissect
intricate
mechanisms
governing
explore
avenues
stemming
from
insights.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
As
glyphosate's
application
becomes
increasingly
widespread
across
the
globe,
its
potential
adverse
effects
on
humans
have
garnered
growing
concerns.
Little
evidence
has
revealed
associations
between
glyphosate
and
glucose
homeostasis.
A
total
of
2094
individuals
were
recruited
from
NHANES
2013–2018.
Urinary
glyphosate,
alkaline
phosphatase
(ALP),
fasting
plasma
(FPG),
insulin,
glycated
hemoglobin
A1c
(HbA1c)
measured.
Homeostatic
model
assessment
beta-cell
function
(HOMA2-β),
insulin
resistance
(HOMA2-IR),
sensitivity
(HOMA2-IS)
assessed.
Generalized
linear
models
mediation
analyses
fitted
to
estimate
homeostasis,
ALP.
demonstrated
a
statistically
significant
positive
association
with
FPG
HbA1c
in
dose–response
manner,
while
showing
negative
HOMA2-β.
Each
doubling
increase
urinary
was
associated
1.13%,
1.50%,
−
2.80%
alteration
FPG,
HbA1c,
HOMA2-β,
respectively.
Obesity
modified
dyshomeostasis
stronger
obese
individuals.
In
addition,
elevated
ALP
significantly
mediated
proportions
9.91%
20.23%,
Environmental
exposure
dyshomeostasis,
which
more
pronounced
partly
by
