Breathing Rhythm and Pattern and Their Influence on Emotion

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 223 - 247

Published: March 9, 2022

Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with surprisingly broad influence on the brain and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies complex neural control system, central pattern generator (bCPG), that exhibits diverse operational modes to regulate gas exchange coordinate an array behaviors. In this review, we focus selected advances in our understanding bCPG. At core bCPG preBötzinger (preBötC), which drives inspiratory rhythm via unexpectedly sophisticated emergent mechanism. Synchronization dynamics underlying preBötC rhythmogenesis imbue system robustness lability. These are modulated by inputs from throughout generate rhythmic, patterned activity widely distributed. connectivity emerging literature support link between breathing, emotion, cognition becoming experimentally tractable. bring great potential for elucidating function dysfunction other mammalian circuits.

Language: Английский

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Parabrachial tachykinin1-expressing neurons involved in state-dependent breathing control

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain homeostasis, but breathing also modified behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid patterns that are unique awake state distinct from those driven automatic reflexes. Activation of medullary neurons control does not reproduce these patterns. By manipulating transcriptionally defined parabrachial nucleus, we identify a subset express Tac1 , Calca gene exerts potent precise conditional awake, anesthetized, via projections ventral intermediate reticular zone medulla. Activating drives frequencies match physiological maximum through mechanisms differ underlie breathing. We postulate this circuit important for integration with state-dependent behaviors emotions.

Language: Английский

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Glutathione ethyl ester reverses the deleterious effects of fentanyl on ventilation and arterial blood-gas chemistry while prolonging fentanyl-induced analgesia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 26, 2021

Abstract There is an urgent need to develop novel compounds that prevent the deleterious effects of opioids such as fentanyl on minute ventilation while, if possible, preserving analgesic actions opioids. We report L-glutathione ethyl ester (GSHee) may be a compound. In this study, we measured tail flick latency (TFL), arterial blood gas (ABG) chemistry, Alveolar-arterial gradient, and ventilatory parameters by whole body plethysmography determine responses elicited bolus injections (75 μg/kg, IV) in male adult Sprague–Dawley rats had received injection GSHee (100 μmol/kg, 15 min previously. given alone minimal TFL, ABG chemistry A-a gradient whereas it changes some increase breathing frequency. vehicle-treated rats, (1) (2) decreases pH, pO 2 sO increases pCO (all indicative depression), (3) (indicative mismatch ventilation-perfusion lungs), (4) reduction tidal volume, were pronounced depression. GSHee-pretreated more prolonged analgesia, relatively minor substantially milder depression ventilation. represent effective member class thiolester drugs are able depressant powerful their gas-exchange lungs without compromising opioid analgesia.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Fentanyl and Morphine on Maternal Hemodynamics in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 392 - 392

Published: March 11, 2025

Background: Spinal anesthesia is considered the method of choice for elective cesarean sections; however, it not without maternal–fetal risks. Materials and Methods: This study compared effects on maternal hemodynamics intrathecal administration fentanyl or morphine in parturients undergoing spinal with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, doses varied between 7.5 11 mg, depending patient’s height. Data from a cohort 170 were analyzed. The administered at 0.1 mL (100 µg, solution 1 mg/mL) 0.25 (25 50 µg/mL). included 80 patients (F) group 90 (M) group. Results: Group F showed significantly higher post-intervention systolic blood pressure values than M (95.30 ± 12.99 mmHg vs. 90.58 14.75 mmHg, p = 0.032). incidence vomiting was less frequent to (1, 1.3% 10, 11.1%, 0.011). total dose ephedrine required hypotension correction lower (12.75 13.26 mg 17.72 16.73 0.035). Conclusions: addition as an adjuvant alongside local anesthetic section associated enhanced hemodynamic stability morphine, requiring contributing increased patient safety during surgery.

Language: Английский

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The impact of opioid analgesics with concomitant antipsychotic use on pain modulation and management in internal medicine: a cross-sequential study protocol

Frontiers in Pain Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 8, 2025

Acute and chronic pain represents an escalating public health concern, necessitating safer more effective in-hospital management approaches, including mental health. New treatment combinations involving psycholeptics are rising, but real-world evidence is lacking. The study's primary objective to evaluate the impact of combined opioid analgesics antipsychotics medication on modulation. secondary management. cross-sequential study designed by this protocol will analyze retrospective data 5,000 hospital admissions over four years (2019-2023) gathered from Electronic Health Records (EHR) a multisite in southern Switzerland. Eligible patients aged 18 or older hospitalized Internal Medicine ward. All with documented intensity assessment through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS ≥ 1) be included. Cross-sectional demographic clinical variables type (opioid analgesics, antipsychotics, selected other drugs according Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system) screened at admission (T1) discharge (T2). Pain modulation assessed gravity mean), peak/extreme value), effectiveness (ΔT2-T1 VAS). Hospitalization paths (short- long-term readmissions total length stays) scrutinized as additional longitudinal indices for excluded cross-sectional analysis. A mixed model approach assess VAS changes T1 T2. Logistic regression models count used short- readmission, respectively. Propensity score matching mitigate selection bias. This methodological combines EHR gathering design. integration allows comprehensive examination among internal medicine recipients concomitant opioids antipsychotic treatment, spanning both hospitalization post-discharge periods. By leveraging data, ensures reliability standardization while minimizing missing information. Additionally, addresses potential limitations observational designs. method offers rigorous investigating receiving implications enhancing practice healthcare resource utilization.

Language: Английский

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Sleep Apnea, Hypoxia, and Pain

Current Sleep Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Opioid-induced respiratory depression

BJA Education, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 100 - 106

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Peripheral opioid receptor antagonism alleviates fentanyl-induced cardiorespiratory depression and is devoid of aversive behavior

Published: March 17, 2025

Millions of Americans suffering from Opioid Use Disorders (OUD) face a high risk fatal overdose due to opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Fentanyl, powerful synthetic opioid, is major contributor the rising rates deaths. Reversing fentanyl overdoses has proved challenging its potency and rapid onset OIRD. We assessed contributions central peripheral mu opioid receptors (MORs) in mediating fentanyl-induced physiological responses. The peripherally restricted MOR antagonist naloxone methiodide (NLXM) both prevented reversed OIRD degree comparable that (NLX), indicating substantial involvement MORs Interestingly, NLXM-mediated reversal did not produce aversive behaviors observed after NLX. show neurons nucleus solitary tract (nTS), first synapse afferents, exhibit biphasic activity profile following exposure. NLXM pretreatment attenuates this activity, suggesting these responses are mediated by MORs. Together, findings establish critical role for MORs, including ascending inputs nTS, as sites dysfunction during Furthermore, selective antagonism could be promising therapeutic strategy managing sparing CNS-driven acute opioid-associated withdrawal aversion

Language: Английский

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Contribution of the caudal medullary raphe to opioid induced respiratory depression

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 299, P. 103855 - 103855

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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L-cysteine methyl ester overcomes the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory parameters and arterial blood-gas chemistry in unanesthetized rats

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

We are developing a series of thiolesters that produce an immediate and sustained reversal the deleterious effects opioids, such as morphine fentanyl, on ventilation without diminishing antinociceptive these opioids. report here systemic injections L-cysteine methyl ester (L-CYSme) morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial-blood gas (ABG) chemistry (pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2), Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., index alveolar gas-exchange within lungs), antinociception unanesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. The administration (10 mg/kg, IV) produced including decreases tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory drive peak flow were accompanied by increase end pause. A single injection L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, rapid long-lasting second elicited pronounced increases to values well above pre-morphine levels. (250 or 500 also arterial blood pH, sO2 A-a gradient, whereas itself was inactive. did not appear modulate sedative measured righting reflex times, but diminish duration, however, magnitude actions (5 10 determined tail-flick latency hindpaw-withdrawal assays. These findings provide evidence can powerfully overcome breathing rats while affecting early stage opioid. mechanisms which interferes with OR-induced signaling pathways mediate performance, diminishes late action remain be determined.

Language: Английский

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