The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: June 8, 2021

Abstract Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The cortex comprises lateral, medial orbitofrontal regions. In primates, lateral is further separated into respective dorsal ventral subregions. However, all these regions have variably been implicated in several fronto-subcortical circuits. Dysfunction circuits has highlighted vascular other neurocognitive disorders. Recent advances suggest plays an important regulatory role numerous including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation working, spatial or long-term memory. appears highly interconnected with subcortical (thalamus, amygdala hippocampus) exerts top-down control over various domains stimuli. Much our knowledge comes from rodent models using precise lesions electrophysiology readouts specific locations. Although, anatomical disparities compared primate homologue apparent, current effectively neural substrate decline within ageing dementia. Human brain connectivity-based neuroimaging demonstrated that large-scale networks, default mode network, equally for cognition. there little consensus on how functional connectivity specifically changes during pathological states. context previous work rodents non-human we attempt convey understanding its measured resting-state MRI associated disorders, prodromal dementia states, Alzheimer’s disease, post-ischaemic stroke, Parkinsonism frontotemporal Previous cross-sectional studies abnormalities consistently found network across both disorders disease impairment. Distinct disease-specific patterns alterations networks appear feature whilst detrimental impairments independently structural aberrations, grey matter atrophy. These also precede may be driven ageing-related mechanisms. supports utility potential biomarker therapeutic target dementia-associated conditions. Yet, associations still validation longitudinal larger sample sizes.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Abstract Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety neuromodulation techniques that regulate regional brain activities have been used to treat refractory mood disorders. However, their efficacy varies from person lack reliable indicator. This review summarizes clinical animal studies on inflammation in neural circuits related anxiety depression evidence therapies neuroinflammation treatment neurological diseases. Neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electrical (TES), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), photobiomodulation (PBM), ultrasound (TUS), deep (DBS), vagus nerve (VNS), all reported attenuate reduce release pro-inflammatory factors, which may be one reasons for improvement. provides a better understanding effective mechanism indicates inflammatory biomarkers serve as reference assessment pathological conditions options depression.

Language: Английский

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Cortical Thickness Abnormalities at Different Stages of the Illness Course in Schizophrenia

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(6), P. 560 - 560

Published: April 27, 2022

Questions of whether and how cortical thickness (CTh) alterations differ over the course schizophrenia (SCZ) have yet to be resolved.

Language: Английский

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Opioid Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neurotransmission in the Brain

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 15, 2022

Opioids mediate their effects via opioid receptors: mu, delta, and kappa. At the neuronal level, receptors are generally inhibitory, presynaptically reducing neurotransmitter release postsynaptically hyperpolarizing neurons. However, receptor-mediated regulation of function synaptic transmission is not uniform in expression pattern mechanism across brain. The localization within specific cell types neurocircuits determine that endogenous exogenous opioids have on brain function. In this review we will explore similarities differences neurotransmission different regions. We discuss how future studies can consider potential cell-type, regional, neural pathway-specific order to better understand modulate

Language: Английский

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BASS: multi-scale and multi-sample analysis enables accurate cell type clustering and spatial domain detection in spatial transcriptomic studies

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Spatial transcriptomic studies are reaching single-cell spatial resolution, with data often collected from multiple tissue sections. Here, we present a computational method, BASS, that enables multi-scale and multi-sample analysis for resolution transcriptomics. BASS performs cell type clustering at the scale domain detection regional scale, two tasks carried out simultaneously within Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework. We illustrate benefits of through comprehensive simulations applications to three datasets. The substantial power gain brought by allows us reveal accurate cellular landscape in both cortex hypothalamus.

Language: Английский

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Shared and differing functional connectivity abnormalities of the default mode network in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) both show abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of default mode network (DMN), but it is unclear to what extent these abnormalities are shared. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis, including 31 MCI studies 20 AD studies. patients, compared controls, showed decreased within-DMN rsFC in bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC), precuneus/posterior (PCC), right temporal lobes, left angular gyrus increased between DMN inferior gyrus. within mPFC/ACC precuneus/PCC occipital dorsolateral cortex. Conjunction analysis shared precuneus/PCC. Compared MCI, had lobes. share likely underpinning episodic memory deficits neuropsychiatric symptoms, differ alterations related impairments other domains such as language, vision, execution. This may throw light on neuropathological mechanisms two stages dementia.

Language: Английский

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Neuronal mechanisms underlying opioid-induced respiratory depression: our current understanding

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 125(5), P. 1899 - 1919

Published: April 7, 2021

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) represents the primary cause of death associated with therapeutic and recreational opioid use. Within United States, rate from abuse since early 1990s has grown disproportionally, prompting classification as a nationwide “epidemic.” Since this time, we have begun to unravel many fundamental cellular systems-level mechanisms opioid-related death. However, factors such individual vulnerability, neuromodulatory compensation, redundancy effects across central peripheral nervous systems created barrier concise, integrative view OIRD. review, bring together multiple perspectives in field OIRD create an overarching viewpoint what know, where essential topic research going forward into future.

Language: Английский

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Topological features of brain functional networks are reorganized during chronic tinnitus: A graph‐theoretical study

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the topological properties of brain functional networks in patients with tinnitus varying durations. A total 51 (divided into recent‐onset (ROT) and persistent (PT) groups) 27 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting‐state MRI audiological assessments. Graph theory was used examine network topology. The results showed that ROT group exhibited lower clustering coefficient, gamma, sigma local efficiency compared both HC PT groups (all P < 0.05). Significant reductions nodal coefficient found left caudate nucleus olfactory cortex, while increased centralities observed orbital middle frontal gyrus postcentral Furthermore, had decreased right lenticular putamen reduced cortex HCs Additionally, weaker connectivity between subcortical occipital lobe modules, as well prefrontal intra‐frontal patients. However, intra‐module module stronger than HCs. These findings suggest is associated alterations topology, but many these changes are restored persistence tinnitus.

Language: Английский

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Prelimbic cortex is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in both resistant and sensitive mice

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Abstract A primary behavioral pathology in drug addiction is the overpowering motivational strength and decreased ability to control desire obtain drugs, which shows some variation between different individuals. Here, using a morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model with footshock, we found that mice exhibited significant individual differences addiction. Despite consequences of small percentage (24%) still showed stable morphine preference, demonstrating resistant punishment. The majority (76%) were relatively sensitive punishment termination preference. As region advanced cognitive function mammalian brain, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) involved regulating drug-induced addictive behaviors. We activating pyramidal neurons prelimbic (PrL) could effectively reverse CPP mice, inhibiting PrL promote mice. To further explore analyzed gene expression their regions through RNA-seq analysis. results compared significantly downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as Panx2 , Tcf7l2 Htr2c Htr5a Orai3 Slc24a4 Cacnb2 mainly synaptic formation neurodevelopment. speculated there may be defects neuronal system caused they are more prone CPP. These findings likely contribute research therapy, also serve potential therapeutic targets for

Language: Английский

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Systemic LPS-induced microglial activation results in increased GABAergic tone: A mechanism of protection against neuroinflammation in the medial prefrontal cortex in mice

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 53 - 69

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Neuroinflammation with excess microglial activation and synaptic dysfunction are early symptoms of most neurological diseases. However, how microglia-associated neuroinflammation regulates activity remains obscure. We report here that acute induced by intraperitoneal injection lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in cell-type-specific increases inhibitory postsynaptic currents the glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, neurons medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), coinciding excessive activation. LPS causes upregulation levels GABAAR subunits, glutamine synthetase vesicular GABA transporter, downregulation brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) its receptor, pTrkB. Blockage minocycline ameliorates LPS-induced abnormal expression signaling-related proteins network. Moreover, prevents mice from aberrant behavior, such as a reduction total distance time spent centre open field test; decreases entries into arm elevated-plus maze consumption sucrose; increased immobility tail suspension test. Furthermore, signaling tiagabine also behavior. This study illustrates mode bidirectional constitutive between neural immune compartments brain, suggests mPFC is an important area for brain-immune system communication. present highlights GABAergic key therapeutic target mitigating neuroinflammation-induced mPFC, together associated behavioral abnormalities.

Language: Английский

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