Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 11, 2021
Melatonin
is
a
key
hormone
involved
in
the
photoperiodic
signaling
pathway.
In
both
teleosts
and
mammals,
melatonin
produced
pineal
gland
at
night
released
into
blood
cerebrospinal
fluid,
providing
rhythmic
information
to
whole
organism.
acts
via
specific
receptors,
allowing
synchronization
of
daily
annual
physiological
rhythms
environmental
conditions.
The
pituitary
gland,
which
produces
several
hormones
variety
processes
such
as
growth,
metabolism,
stress
reproduction,
an
important
target
melatonin.
modulates
cellular
activities,
adjusting
synthesis
release
different
functional
demands,
changes
during
day,
seasons
life
stages.
It
is,
however,
not
always
clear
whether
directly
or
indirectly
on
pituitary.
Indeed,
also
upstream,
brain
centers
that
control
production
release,
well
downstream,
tissues
targeted
by
hormones,
provide
positive
negative
feedback
gland.
this
review,
we
describe
known
pathways
through
anterior
hormonal
production,
distinguishing
indirect
effects
mediated
from
direct
We
highlight
similarities
differences
between
drawing
attention
knowledge
gaps,
suggesting
aims
for
future
research.
animal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
19(5), P. 101508 - 101508
Published: April 5, 2025
Seasonal
breeding
is
an
adaptive
strategy
that
ensures
the
birth
of
offspring
during
best
time
year
and
allows
energy
saving
in
times
food
scarcity
adverse
environmental
conditions.
At
temperate
polar
latitudes,
photoperiod
main
synchroniser
seasonal
functions,
which
exerts
its
action
through
melatonin.
Within
pars
tuberalis
anterior
pituitary,
melatonin
triggers
a
series
events
lead
to
enhanced
local
triiodothyronine
(T3)
production
medio-basal
hypothalamus
specifically
under
long
days
ultimately
drive
appropriate
GnRH
output
at
median
eminence.
How
T3
governs
mostly
unknown
but
neuronal
populations
respectively
produce
KISS1
RFRP3
appear
be
involved.
However,
while
role
as
major
secretagogue
undisputed,
function
control
(seasonal)
remains
enigmatic,
with
conflicting
results
hinting
elusive
mechanisms.
Therefore,
we
launched
extensive
experiments
sheep,
aimed
invalidating
NPVF
gene,
encodes
RFRP3,
using
CRISPR-Cas9
technology.
Here,
report
on
generation
six
sheep
for
gene
has
been
successfully
edited.
Four
these
animals
bear
least
one
allele
expected
behave
null
constitute
founders
distinct
ovine
lines.
These
founder
will
now
enter
standard
scheme
order
obtain
male
female
homozygotes
mutations.
are
provide
clear
delineation
breeding.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 11, 2021
Melatonin
is
a
key
hormone
involved
in
the
photoperiodic
signaling
pathway.
In
both
teleosts
and
mammals,
melatonin
produced
pineal
gland
at
night
released
into
blood
cerebrospinal
fluid,
providing
rhythmic
information
to
whole
organism.
acts
via
specific
receptors,
allowing
synchronization
of
daily
annual
physiological
rhythms
environmental
conditions.
The
pituitary
gland,
which
produces
several
hormones
variety
processes
such
as
growth,
metabolism,
stress
reproduction,
an
important
target
melatonin.
modulates
cellular
activities,
adjusting
synthesis
release
different
functional
demands,
changes
during
day,
seasons
life
stages.
It
is,
however,
not
always
clear
whether
directly
or
indirectly
on
pituitary.
Indeed,
also
upstream,
brain
centers
that
control
production
release,
well
downstream,
tissues
targeted
by
hormones,
provide
positive
negative
feedback
gland.
this
review,
we
describe
known
pathways
through
anterior
hormonal
production,
distinguishing
indirect
effects
mediated
from
direct
We
highlight
similarities
differences
between
drawing
attention
knowledge
gaps,
suggesting
aims
for
future
research.
